World History Ch. 1
Terms
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- kush
- The Egyptian name for the land south of their territory. Kush began at the first cataract of the Nile in southern Egypt and extended to the sixth cataract, near the modern Sudanese city of Khartoum.
- sanskrit
- The ancient sacred language of the Aryans, Vedas written in it,
- oracle bones
- chinese shang dynasty means of foretelling the future
- Mesopotamia
- term meaning "between the rivers", the Tigris and Euphrates, Sumer and Akkad two of the earliest societies
- cuneiform
- A writing system invented by the Sumerians in ancient Mesopotamia. It was often inscribed on damp clay tablets using a wedge-shaped stylus. Cuneiform means "wedge writing" in Latin.
- cacao
- Native South American tree whose seeds are fermented and processed to make cocoa and chocolate.
- hammurabi
- Babylonian king who set down first written code of laws: Hammurabi's code (eye for an eye-lex talionis)
- pygmies
- One of few pure hunting societies left in Africa following Bantu migration
- Olmecs
- early mesopotamian society that centered around San Lorenzo, La Venta, and Tres Zapotes. Influenced Mayans
- rosetta stone
- The first trilingual monument discovered that displayed a text in Egyptian hieroglyphics, demotic Coptic-style Egyptian language, and Greek.
- neolithic
- new stone age, marked by the discovery and mastery of agriculture
- ziggurat
- mesopotamian temples
- Indo-European
- nomadic peoples who migrated to various parts of eurasia ,specifically southwest Asia, influenced language
- hominid
- a creature belonging to the family hominidae which includes human and human-like species
- city-state
- urban areas that controlled surrounding agricultral regions and that were often loosley connected in a broader political structure with other city-states
- harappans
- early brilliant indian society centered around harappa and mohenjo-daro
- Bantu
- african peoples who origionally lived in the area of present day Nigeria, begun centuries long migration that ook them to most of sub-sahara of africa, very influential especially linguistically
- patriarchal
- male dominate, characteristic of a form of social organization in which the male is the family head and title is traced through the male line
- hunting and gathering
- method of survival of Paleolithics-nomadic hunted and gathered for food
- slash and burn
- A type of farming in which the ground is cleared by cutting and burning the vegetation on the spot. The burned vegetation serves as a natural fertilizer. The field is farmed until yields decrease; then it is allowed to lie fallow. Also called swidden farming.
- Sumer
- an area in the southern region of Babylonia (Mesopotamia) in present-day Iraq; site of the Sumerian civilization of city-states that flowered during the third millennium BC
- Rig Veda
- The earliest and longest of the Aryan sacred texts, probably created between 1500 and 1000 BC means "sacred knowledge of hymns and praise."
- sargon of akkad
- an ancient Mesopotamian ruler who reigned approximately 2334-2279 BC, and was one of the earliest of the world's great empire builders, conquering all of southern Mesopotamia as well as parts of Syria, Anatolia, and Elam (western Iran). He established the region's first Semitic dynasty and was considered the founder of the Mesopotamian military tradition.
- monotheism
- belief in only one god, a rare concept in the ancient world
- Phoenicians
- Seafaring traders of the Old World who settled throughout the eastern Mediterranean realm, invented the Latin alphabet
- loess
- a fine-grained unstratified accumulation of clay and silt deposited by the wind
- hieroglyphic
- ancient egyptian written language
- Raja
- A king, a ruler.The title has a long history in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, being attested from the Rigveda
- obsidian
- A glassy, volcanic rock, often black in color, was used in ancient times to produce extremely sharp blades.
- pharaoh
- egyptian kings considered to be gods on earth
- Tigris and Euphrates
- The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of Turkey through Iraq.
- Paleolithic
- Old Stone Age, a long period of human development before the development of agriculture
- maize
- corn, main product of civilization in Mesoamerica
- cataract
- The cataracts of the Nile are shallow stretches between Aswan and Khartoum where the water's surface is broken by numerous small boulders and stones lying on the river bed, as well as many small rocky islets
- Yahmeh
- god of the monotheistic religion of judaism that influenced later christianity and islam
- papyrus
- A reed that grew along the banks of the Nile. Writing sheets were made from the pith of its stem and used like paper.
- caste
- the systemic delineation of social class in Indian society. It consists fundamentally of four levels: seers (priests, teachers), administrators (military leaders, business owners), producers (skilled craftspersons), and servants (unskilled laborers).
- Maya
- brilliant central american society known for math, astronomy, and a sophisticated written language
- Mesoamerica
- Prehistoric groups in this area are characterized by agricultural villages and large ceremonial and political and religious capitals This culture area included some of the most complex and advanced cultures of the Americas, including the Olmec, Teotihuacan, the Maya, and the Aztec
- prehistory
- the period before the invention of writing
- Huang He
- a major river of Asia in northern China; flows generally eastward into the Yellow Sea; carries large quantities of yellow silt to its delta
- mandate of heaven
- chinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population
- aryans and dravidians
- The most basic division of the Indian society, The north Indians are the descendants of Aryans and the south Indians are Dravidians. Before the Aryans, the Dravidian people resided in India. The Aryans pushed the local people southwards