Chapter 17
Terms
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- Trans-Siberian Railroad
- a railroad running from Murmansk to Vladivostak
- Cossacks
- free groups and outlaw armies of peasants who fled the tzar and service nobility
- Czars
- emperors of Russia with complete and total control of the government
- Orthodox Christianity
- religion practiced by most greeks
- Slavs
- a single people in central Europe who divided into 3 major groups: western, southern, and eastern
- Steppes
- grassy plains, found south of the taiga in Russia,Ukraine, and parts of Eastern Europe.
- Kremlin
- citadel of Moscow, housing the offices of the Russian government
- Bolsheviks
- spreaders of communism in Russia
- Murmansk
- a port city in northwestern Russia on the Kola Peninsula; the largest city north of the Arctic Circle; an important supply line to Russia in World War I and World War II
- Taiga
- a forest of evergreen trees growing south of the tundra in Russia
- Serfs
- peasants that belong to the land
- Chernozem
- the rich black topsoil found in the North European Plain, especially in Russia and Ukraine
- Lake Baikal
- deepest fresh water lake in the world; holds 20% of world's unfrozen fresh water
- Eurasia
- the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia
- Ural Mountains
- a mountain range in western Russia extending from the arctic to the Caspian Sea; forms part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia
- Rus
- the medieval Russian state established by Scandanavian traders in the 9th century; the capital was first in Novgorod and then in Kiev
- Soviets
- the government of the Soviet Union
- Vladimir Lenin
- Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)
- Light Industry
- production of consumer goods such as food products and household goods
- Siberia
- a vast Asian region of Russia; famous for long cold winters
- Ice Breaker
- a ship that can break through ice, to allow ships to pass
- Borscht
- a Russian soup usually containing beet juice as a foundation
- Cyrillic Alphabet
- an alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages
- Vladivostak
- a big city at the end of the Trans-Siberian Railroad.
- Chernobyl
- a city in north central Ukraine; site of a major disaster at a nuclear power plant (16 April 1986)
- Karl Marx
- founder of modern communism
- Smelters
- ore processing factories
- Volga River
- the longest river in Europe; flows into the Caspian Sea
- Heavy Industry
- industry that produces manufactured goods such as machinery
- Gulag
- a Russian prison camp for political prisoners
- Joseph Stalin
- Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)
- Abdicate
- give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors, or duties and obligations