ENGL 361
Terms for English 361 (History of English Language) Test 2
Terms
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- Where we got our alphabet
- St. Augustine brought Latin alphabet to England. Runic alphabet was also integrated. Because Irish Christian
- form taken by future tense in OE
- present tense + adverbs
- First inhabitants of Britain speaking IE language.
- Celts
- Change made by CGmc to case structure of IE
- In Germanic, the ablative & locative fell together with the dative case. Instrumental survived into early OE. Vocative
- When OE inverted subject/verb order
- 1. to ask a question 2. negative 3. adverbial expressions
- dental preterite
- the past tense form of words that end in /d/ or /t/
- Difference in basis of syllabic accent in IE and CGmc
- IE had pitch-based stress. Old English had loudness-based stressed.
- accusative
- object of verb, adverbial expression of time and space
- Oldest Germanic language for which we have texts.
- Gothic
- preterite-present verb
- in OE, a verb whose tense was originally past
- Date of first Germanic invasion of Britain.
- 449 AD
- How many verb classes in IE?
- 8
- Date Viking raids began.
- 787
- Sources of Borrowed vocabulary in OE
- Latin, Celtic, Old Norse
- Ablaut Series
- an ablaut is a change in a vowel caused by stress or accent. In an ablaut series, changes in vowels of roots indicate
- synthetic language
- relationships expressed by inflections
- Two of three tribes of Germanic invaders of Britain.
- 1. Angles 2. Saxons 3. Jutes
- Dark Ages
- 1100-1250
- Five non-IE languages.
- Turkish, Arabic, Hebrew, Finnish, Hungarian
- One sound lost from OE to PDE
- long consonants
- genitive
- posessive
- al-thing
- meeting between tribal leaders to discuss Christianity
- Inflection
- variations on the form of a word to indicate change in meaning or grammatical relationships.
- Classes of words used more frequently in PDE than OE because of movement from inflectional to isolating language
- function words, prepositions, conjunctions
- Distinction added by CGmc to adjective declensions of IE.
- adjectives could take comparative or superlative forms.
- analytic
- grammatical relationships expressed with separate words
- two syntactic differences between OE & PDE.
- OE was inflected, so syntax was relatively loose. Adjective/noun order could be reversed. No noun adjuncts.
- nominative case
- subject or subject compliment
- Approximate dates of Indo-European as a living language
- 5000BC-3000BC
- Approx date of CGmc as living language.
- 100 BC
- New class of verbs added by CGmc to IE.
- weak verbs
- accusative
- grammatical case used in inflecting languages for direct objects or objects of prepositions
- Date of Christianization in England.
- 597 AD
- 2 classes of words used more frequently in PDE than in OE
- prepositions, conjunctions, articles
- dative
- object of preposition, indirect object of verb
- Date of Roman departure from Britain.
- 410 AD