Unit 2 History test
Terms
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- caliph
- a title taken by Muslim rulers who claimed religious authority to rule
- charlemane
- played role of papal protector (POPE) and expanded territory. He desired to be a universal emperor and used the church to promote social stability and order. Education became a priority of the Christian ruler. Christmas Day, 800 Pope III crowned Charlemagne Emperor and Charlemagne had restored pope to power.
- ibn bantua
- muslim traveler; taught people other cultures, went to africa
- gothic
- This style followed the Romanesque style.
- justinian
- Byzantine empier who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the persians. he confided Roman law. his general regained north africa and spain
- quaran
- the book of Islams sacred writing
- chang'an
- Tang's capital city, grew into the largest city in the world.
- William the conqueror
- (r. 1066-1087) Conquers england, Duke of Normandy, Feudalizes england while keep strong central authority
- kamakura shogunate
- The first of Japan's decentralized military governments. (1185-1333). (p. 294)
- guilds
- with an increase in ordinary people the church added corpus cristi festival to its activities
- chivalry
- n. The knightly system of feudal times with its code, usages and practices.
- missionaries
- religious teachers sent to convert natives to christianity
- abu bakr
- First caliph of Islam after the death of Muhammad
- umma
- the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan
- tamerlane
- a Mongol conqueror who had destroyed entire cities and killed all the people in the Middle East and Asia
- abbasids
- the family that over threw the Umayyads and moved the capital back to Mecca
- battle of tours
- 732 AD Christians defeat Muslim invaders and stop the spread of Islam into Europe
- three field system
- part of the agricultural revolution; farming technique that left one field out of three sallow for a year to replenish the soil
- hundred years war
- Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (p. 413)
- shinto
- the native religion and former ethnic cult of Japan
- crusades
- a series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims
- sufism
- teaches that people can find gods love by having a personal relationship with god
- vassals
- The sworn followers of a lord -- often recieved a fief from his lord
- muslim
- follower of Islam
- ali
- United States prizefighter who won the world heavyweight championship three times (born in 1942)
- genghis khan
- He first led the Mongols into China in 1206
- investiture controversy
- struggle between popes and kings regarding control of offices or appointments
- khubilai khan
- Last of the Mongol Great Khans and founder of the Yuan Empire. He took Confucian conventions into consideration whenever he did something, and gave his son a chinese name.
- sunnis
- Muslims that believe the caliph doesn't have to be related to Muhammad and should be chosen by the leaders of the Islamic community
- bodhisattvas
- enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment
- li bo
- a famous chinese poet who wrote "still night thoughts". hi poems were often about nature
- jihad
- a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal
- franks
- Only large, united kingdom in early Middle Ages
- stateless societies
- cultural groups in which authority is shared by lineages of equal power instead of being exercised by a central government.
- icons
- stylized paintings of Jesus, his mother Mary, and the saints
- saints
- men & women in heaven who responded to God's call and now share eternal life
- mansa musa
- this Mali king brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; he was the most powerful king in west africa
- eric the red
- a viking who explored greenland
- seljuk turks
- Nomads & great warriors who decided to take power of the government & army
- grand canal
- Huge waterway that linked the Chang river and the Huang river
- feudalism
- system in which poor people are legally bound to work for wealthy landowners
- fief
- Land owned by a lord given to a vassal in return for a service
- monasticism
- Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. (Primary Centres of Learning in Medieval Europe) (261)
- byzantine empire
- rose out of the split of East and Western Roman Empire; lasted another 1000 years; kept Hellenism alive; fell in 1453 by the Ottomans
- footbinding
- Process of wrapping young girls feet to stop growth, led to crppiling women for life
- berbers
- an ethnic minority that descended from Berbers and Arabs and living in northern Africa
- ibn sina
- A Persian doctor that showed how diseases spread from one person to another.
- ordeal
- Anything that severely tests courage, strength, patience, conscience, etc.
- parliament
- a legislative assembly in certain countries (e.g., Great Britain)
- mecca
- an Arabian trading center & Muhammad's birthplace
- jerusalem
- A city in the Holy Land, regarded as sacred by Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
- mu'awiya
- Founded the Ummayad Dynasty
- holy roman empire
- a political entity in Europe that began with the papal coronation of Otto I as the first emperor in 962 and laster until 1806 when it was dissolved by Napoleon
- tang dynasty
- the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907
- mahmud of ghazni
- He was the 3rd ruler of a Turkic slave dynasty in Afghanistan. He began 2 centuries of raiding in Northern India. He led raids deep into the Indian subcontinent, sacking Hindu temples and giving Muslims a reputation of intolerance and aggression
- mongols
- A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. >(p. 325)
- wergeld
- the amount of money paid by a wrong doers family to the victim
- henry II of england
- Control of Normandy, Aquitaine. Extended jurisdiction of royal courts. Expanded income invoking feudal rights. All men living in England should be subject to English law. Thomas Becket.
- algebra
- A type of mathematics to which Muslims made great contributions
- saladin
- (1137-1193) Powerful Muslim ruler during Third Crusade, defeated Christians at Hattin took Jerusalem
- five pillars of faith
- the essential duties of Muslims must fulfill; faith, prayer, alms, fasting and pilgrimage
- pope
- leader of the Roman church
- yathrib
- Medina; where Muhammad and his followers fled in 622 to escape the Quaraysh
- shogun
- supreme military commander of Japan
- vikings
- one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western from the eighth through the tenth century.
- sui dynasty
- brought China together. Rules 30 years, build Grand Canal (dynasty)
- black death
- the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
- gregory VII
- the pope who excommunicated Henry IV
- nubia
- East African trading empire that developed south of Egypt on the Nile River
- ka'ba
- A rectangular temple in Mecca - center of Islamic Pilgrimage and houses the Ka'ba stone
- domesday book
- A compiliation of population, produced goods, and territory William owned, for tax purposes
- serfs
- a person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times
- baghdad
- Located beside the Tigris River and near the Euphrates River. It prospered because of the location and was a good for trade since many people used the rivers to ship goods north and south.
- ghana
- the first West African kingdom based on the gold and salt trade
- bedouins
- an Arab of the desert, in Asia or Africa; nomadic Arab
- trung sisters
- leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule
- clovis
- leader of the Franks, who conqured what was left of the roman empire
- hagia sophia
- a famous church built by justinian the first means holy wisdom
- song dynasty
- the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279
- cyrillic alphabet
- an alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages
- shi'ites
- Majority in Iraq. Believed that Muhammad's bloodline needed to be followed. Live in Southern Iraq.
- xenophobia
- fear or hatred of what is strange or foreign.
- scholasticism
- This emphasized reason as well as faith and the interpretation of Christian doctrine.
- magna carta
- the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215
- bhakti
- this word means devotion. The majority of contemporary Hindu practice is this kind.
- empress wu
- Only women emporer of china powerful and cruel along with talented and intellegent
- Thomas Aquinas
- argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by logical argument.
- bantu
- a family of languages widely spoken in the southern half of the African continent
- eleanor of aquitaine
- Queen of France as the wife of Louis VII
- muhammad
- the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)
- bubonic plague
- 1/3 of all Europe's pop died, spread by rats, brought by sailors to Crimea, work shortage, wages for skilled laborers soared.
- great zimbabwe
- This empoires name had the meaning honored houses of houses of stone and not much is known about it because they left no oral traditions or written documents
- Otto I
- German kig around 936; invaded Italy, became emperor, and started Holy Roman Empire
- junks
- large ships sailed by the Chinese
- battle of agincourt
- English takes down French mounted knights easily with the long bows. marks end of mounted knight/chivalry
- heian period
- This was the japanese period where a highly refined court society was formed
- ethiopia
- Historians believe that the punt civilization was located in this present day country
- caravans
- files of vehilces or pack of animals traveling together
- excommunication
- expelling someone from the church.
- kinship groups
- groups of people related by blood or marriage
- charles martel
- the Frankish commander for the battle of Tours. He defeated the Muslimsin the Battle of Tours, allowing Christianity to survive throughout the Dark Ages. He in a way started Feudalism by giving land to his knights that served for him.
- golden horde
- russian part of mongols empire
- russia
- a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia
- mali
- This empire was almost taken over by the Ghana empire but sunjata won it bavk
- joan of arc
- peasant girl who led french army to victory over the english in the 100 year's war
- daimyo
- During the Japanese civil wars these men fought for control of trade and power
- bushido
- samurai's code; "The Way of the Warrior"