SPGN 271 Speech and Language Section 1
Terms
undefined, object
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- What knowledge does the sender require in a proper communication model?
- the use of code
- what knoweldge does the receiver need in the communication model?
- the unerstanding of the code
- What is senf from the sender to the receiver in the communication model?
- A message or shared code
- Speech is:
-
an oral expression of language
mechanical system - what is articulation?
- making a sound associated with a langauge: how it's made (the position of the articulatiors)
- this is needed to produce speech
- voice
- What is fluencey?
- the ability to make words come out smoothly
- what are some fluency problems>
- the presences of stuttering or fillers
- what is lanugage?
- the rule govererned process for communication
- langauge is linked to:
- articulation
- what is phonology?
- the study of the sound system of language
- articulation vs. phonology
-
articulation: how you say it (speech)
phonology( what it means (language) - what is a phoneme?
- the indiviudal sounds that have a meaning or signal a meaning in language
- give some examples of phonemes
- ch, sh, t, r
- how many phonemems are in the english language
- 45 or 46
- what does IPA stand for?
- the international phonetic alphabet
- what is morphology?
- it is the set of rules needed when forming words
- what is a morpheme?
- the smalles untis that have meaning
- what are some exampels of stand alone morphemes?
- i, a
- what are some examples of bound morphemes?
- s, ing, ed
- What is MLU stand for? WHat is it?
- Mean LEngth of Untterance. COunt the number of morphemes used in a child's phrase to determine their language delveopment
- what is syntax?
- the rules we use to combine words to make sentences
- what are some examples of syntax rules?
-
subject and verb
adjective followed by noun
tense agreemetn - What is semantics?
- the study of meaning of language
- what does context do for semantics?
- it gives information abotu the meaning of words and sentetneces
- What is pragmatics?
- it is the social use of language or the rules for using language in social contexts
- What is it called when you take turns in a coverstaiong?
- give and take
- what is it called when you move from one topic of coversation to another?
- topic maintenance
- what age is the perlocutionary stage?
- 0 -8 mos
- whatare are some examples of unintental communcation during the perluctionary state?
- crying (reflextive
- what does crying out become during the end of the perlocutionary state?
- inentional
- what ages is the illucutionary stage?
- 8-12 mos
- during the illocutionary stagee what do babies do?
- poin, reach, bable, jargon
- what age is the locutioary stage?
- 12 mos and up
- what age is the one unit approach?
- 2.5 - 3
- what are phonlogical processes?
- rule patters kid's apply to language but they're wrong
- what are two examples of phonoligcal processess?
-
final consant deletion
consonant cluster reducation - what's an overextension?
- when child sees similar features in one object and thinks all objects with those features are the same
- underextensions
- only one in that category (binky)
- what is semantics like in 12-18 mos?
- simple, straightforward. one word. no can mean many things
- what is pragmatics like in 12 -18 mos
- labels things, request, commands, trys turn taking
- during the two word stage, what happes to MLU?
- it increases as the amount of phonesms increases
- what's motherese or parentese?
- when mom's talk differntly to developing children
- what are pragmatics like for those in the two word phase?
- time concepts, polite, take turns, verbal mazes
- metalinguistscs
- the ablity to think abotu own language
- What can SLI stand for?
- specific language impairment
- what is a sli?
- when there's nothing else identified wrong with the preschooler/toddler but their speech problem
- how is a sli identified?
- through the compariston of their mental/chronoligcal age to their langauge age
- what are some typical characteristics of SLI kids?
-
low ses
low birth weight
chronic ear infections
history of SLI
late in birth order - what percentage of sli preschoolers have pholoicical problems?
- 80%
- What do phological problems impact?
- inteligibility
- What are some syntax characteristics of SLI toddlers and kids?
-
short utterances
confusion of tenses
slow with gramatical morphemes - what are some pragmatic issues with SLI toddlers and kids?
-
passive
less responsive
less social (more with adults, less with kids) - what are some sytnax issues with SLI adolescents?
-
less likely to use complext forms
confused by complex srtucture
subject/verb issues
morpheme errors/confusion - what are some semantic erros in SLI adolescents?
-
problems with figurative language
multiple meaning
word finding difficulty
use of non specifics - what are some pragmatic erros with SLI adolescents?
-
social issues
tone of voice
not good non verbal skills - what are some SLI phonological issues in LD adolescents?
-
pholocgial awareness: in reading, sound/sybol relationships
fluency - what are some syntax errors in SLI LD adolescents?
-
slower in coplex forms
negation issues
MLU lower
passive voice - what are some pragmatic errors in SLI LD adolescents?
-
poor judgement
don't plan peech - what are some metalinguistic errors in SLI LD adolescents?
- hard time identifiying own mistakes
- what problems do ci kids have with articulation?
- mechanical difficulties
- what mechanical difficulties do ci kids have?
- tongue too large, low muscle tone
- what phonolgy problems do ci kids have?
-
low intelgibility
phonological issues often persist into adulthood
final consontant deletion
hard to fix - what syntax issues do ci kids have?
-
rambling run ons
telegraphic
limited vocab
question form problems
left branchining sentences - What semantic issues do CI kids have?
-
must experience to understand
hard time describing
can use concrete words
issues with feelings - what pragmatic issues do CI kids have?
-
relationships
interrupting
socially appropriate
personal space - what is the most important issue to work with ci kids?
- pragmatics
- what do LD kids have with matalinguistics?
- they have a hard time id'ing their own mistakes
- what issues do SLI kids have with pragmatics?
-
social issues
bad choices
tone of voice
problems with non-verbal skills - when are CI kids SI's Id'd?
- during the developmental period
- During the one unit approach,what are two phonogical processes kids often apply?
-
final consonant deletion
consonant cluster reduction - If a child hasn't mastered all phonological sounds by what age should you be concernded?
- 8
- During the two word stage, what happens to intelligibility?
- it increases
- Will SLI toddlers grow out of thier delay?
- no, if they're truley SLI the gap will remain
- what are SLI toddlers semantics like?
-
late talkers
slow growing vocab
word finding problems
difficulty understanding - what are some characteristics of normal adolescent speech?
-
it's a large part of their social life
may cause success languages
they start to picu up on the subtilties of language