Mesopotamia and Egypt
Study guide for vocabulary and history of Mesopotamia and Egypt.
Terms
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- Phoenicians
- Great sailors and creators of alphabet
- Hammurabi
- Greatest king of Babylon, great conquerer, ruled during golden age, created code of laws
- Egyptian medical accomplishments
- Use of splints, bandages, and compresses, skilled at sewing cuts and setting bones
- Hatshepsut
- First female pharaoh, expanded trade
- Delta
- Fertile, fan-shaped area
- Cuneiform
- Sumerian system of wedge-writing
- Akkad
- Warlike kingdom, conquered Sumer and other city-states 2300 B.C.
- Chaldeans
- Raised new Babyonian empire, 500s B.C.
- Civilization
- Highly developed cultures with cities, organized governments and religions, writing systems, specialized workers, use of technology and metal
- Narmer
- United Upper and Lower Egypt, became pharaoh
- Nebuchadnezzar
- Greatest Chaldean king, rebuilt Babylon and created hanging gardens
- Egyptian mathematical accomplishments
- Used base-10 number system, fractions, geometry, created calender
- Fertile Crescent
- A crescent-shaped area of rich soil from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf
- Babylon
- Conquerers of Akkadian Empire, 1800 B.C., known for hanging gardens and rich culture, developed number system based on 60
- Papyrus
- Reed used to make paper
- Ziggurat
- Large, steplike religious tower, long stairways on outside leading to temple on top
- Pharaoh
- Ruler of Egypt, believed to be god as well as ruler and priest
- Code of Hammurabi
- Hammurabi's code of best laws from each city-state, standard code for everyone
- Nile River
- Longest river in the world
- Theocracy
- Government controlled by religious leaders
- Epic of Gilgamesh
- First known story, a king named Gilgamesh and friend travel the world performing acts of bravery
- Rosetta Stone
- Stone discovered in early 1800s, a stone used to determine meanings of hieroglyphics
- Scribe
- Writers who made lists, kept records, wrote letters for officials
- Empire
- Group of states under one ruler
- Tablet house
- School of writing, students trained to be scribes
- Embalming
- Process of preserving a dead body for the afterlife
- Sumer
- Where Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flowed closest, area of earliest city-states, wealthy from trade
- Polytheism
- Worship of many gods
- Hyksos
- Asian invaders, conquered Egypt for 150 years before overthrown
- Pyramid
- Massive tomb for pharaoh's mummy
- Creations of the Mesopotamians
- Irrigation, 12-month calender (phases of the moon), plow
- Bronze Age
- Time of the earliest civilizations
- City-state
- City considered small state or nation