Medival Europe Persons
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- Henry IV (r1056-1106) (German)
- Henry assembled bishops and made them declare independence of pope; Gregory excommunicates him
- Saint Cyril (c.827-869)
- -Devised from Greek characters an alphabet in which to write the Slavic language
- Joachim of Fiore (c.1130-1201)
- Nobly born, former Cistercian abbot predicted imminent end of his age and birth of a new one, which would be guided by genuinely spiritual monks in a universal Sabbath for human race
- Benedict of Nursia
- Most important for development of monasticism in Western EuropNative Italy being devastated by Justinian's reconquesServed more to restrain excess than to demand any sacrifice
- -Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine 1122-1204 (French)
- -Married in turn to king of France and king of England. Granddaughter of poet, therefore, she knew games of Courtly Love
- Tomas a Becket (1118-1170) (English)
- 1162, Becket assumed highest ecclesiastical office: Archbishop of Canterbury-No longer cooperative royal servant; now guardian of ecclesiastical rights-1170, four knights under Henry's orders slaughtered Becket in his own cathedral at Canterbury
- Leo I "the Great"
- In middle of crises of 5th century, figure of Pope Leo towers
- King Edward (r1042-1066) (English)
- Regained kingdom after Danish monarch took over
- -Saint Francis of Assisi (c1182-1226)
- -He and followers devoted to "spiritual poverty" Founded Franciscan Monks
- Charlemagne (r.768-814) (Carolingian)
- The dynasty seized power from Merovingian dynasty installed by Cloviarchitect of "Carolingian Renaissance" (cultural renewal)Helped pope Adrian I in 774 by conquering kingdom of Lombards -799, Charlemagne helped Pope Leo III reinstate Made Emperor
- Saint Anselm (1033-1109)
- Ontological proof of god
- Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)
- Founder of own conventWrote Scivias: describes visions that present themselves to her inner sense
- Saint Patrick
- Converted Ireland
- Calixtus II (r1119-1124)
- Agreed to Concordat of Worms (southwest Germany), landmark accord that settled at last the issue of lay investiture
- Philip II (Philip Augustus=> r1179-1223) (French)
- Master of a state that started to look like France
- Odo (879-942)
- -Launched reform movement that would have repercussions beyond own monastery, order, or age-He reestablished strict standards within own community insisting on performance of constant communal prayer-Agreed to supervise other houses that petitioned him for help in achieving same goals
- Pope Gregory VII 1073
- greatest pope in history of papacy (born Hildebrand)Target =Henry IV in 1075 -Lay investiture= problem for Gregory-Gregory's conception of papal authority in his register known as Dictatus papae
- Otto I ()
- Henry the Fowler's most brilliant successor Defeated Magyars at Lechfeld
- Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (1-Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153)
- -Leading exponent of mystical knowledge of God said, "For in a certain way you lose yourself, as if you were not."
- Saint Basil of Caesarea
- Wrote Rules, which stressed humanity of communal life and centrality of study to monastic mission
- Dominic Guzmán of Castile (1170-1221)
- Pledged his followers to poverty, but also tried toe teach orthodox Christian doctrine and to prevent the spread of false or heretical views-Dominicans became teachers and inquisitors (agents of churching in the identification and prosecution of heresy)
- Pope Urban II (r.1088-1099)
- Starts Crusades
- Bebe (672-735) "the Venerable"
- Anglo-Saxon, Skilled historian prolific writer, and fertile thinker
- Conrad
- Chosen by German dukes for puppet, but horrible
- Duke of Normandy (r1066-1087) (Norman)
- Invaded Island of England and in 5 years England => his
- Hugh Capet (r 987-996) (French)
- The elected king of France, thought weak then strong
- King Alfred (r871-899) (English)
- translated Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy & Pastoral Care of Pope Gregory the Great
- Pope Gregory "the Great" (r. 590-604)
- Son of Roman Senator =>grew up in Ital devastated by Gothic wars and beset by Lombard invasions
- Peter Abelard (1079-1142) (French)
- Attracted students from all over Europe, who flocked to hear penetrating critiques of other men's ideas from man who considered himself "the only philosopher remaining in the world"Abelard's challenging notion of truth illustrated in Sic et Non (Yes and No)
- Henry the Fowler (r919-936) (German)
- -Chosen by German dukes because he is strong