Definitions 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Decoding
- Process of converting printed words into their spoken forms by using knowledge of letter-sound relationships and word structure
- Irregular Words
- Words in which some or all of the letters do not represent their most common sounds
- Letter Recognition
- Ability to distinguish and name each letter of the alphabet, sequence the letters, and distinguish and produce both upper and lowercase letters
- Phonological Processing
- Ability to remember words in their spoken forms as sequences of speech sounds and to apply the sounds to symbols when spelling and reading words
- Morphology
- Structure of meaningful units and patterns in words
- Regular Words
- Words in which the letters make their most common sound
- Letter Combinations
- Groups of consecutive letters that represent a particular sound(s) in words
- Decodable Texts
- Engaging and coherent texts in which most of the words are comprised of an accumulating sequence of letter-sound correspondences being taught
- Stop Sounds
- Consonant sounds that are not as easy to pronounce in isolation, without a vowel sound
- Common Sound
- Sound that a letter most frequently makes in a word
- Encoding
- Process of converting spoken words into their written forms (spelling)
- Continuous Sounds
- Vowels and certain consonant sounds that can be prolonged during pronunciation and are easier to say without being distorted
- Letter-Sound Correspondences
- Relationships between common sounds of letters or letter combinations in written words
- Graphophonemic
- Description for the combination of letters and letter-sound correspondences
- Orthography
- Writing system of language
- Phonetic Spelling
- A beginning stage of spelling that develops with one's ability to analyze the phonemes in words (also known as beginning, temporary, invented, and emergent spelling)
- Frustrational-Level
- Reading level in which more than 1 in 10 words are difficult (89% or below accuracy with low comprehension)
- Instructional-Level
- Reading level in which no more than 1 in 10 words is difficult for the reader (90 - 94% accuracy with average to high comprehension)
- Mnemonics
- Strategies to improve memory such as using key words or visualizing
- Percent Accuracy
- Calculation that determines the reading level of texts (total number of words read correctly divided by the total number of words read)
- Sounding Out
- Process of saying each sound that represents a letter(s) in a word and blending them together to read it
- Alphabetic Principle
- Understanding that the sequence of letters in written words represents the sequence of sounds (or phonemes) in spoken words
- Generalizations
- Consistencies in patterns and relationships that apply to more than one word
- Independent-Level
- Reading level in which no more than 1 in 20 words is difficult for the reader (95 - 100% accuracy with high comprehension)
- Phonology
- Rule system of speech sounds in a language