History mid-term vocab
Terms
undefined, object
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- habeas corpus
- The principle that accused persons cannot be held in jail without the consent of a court
- university
- A school of advanced learning
- immortal
- Able to live forever
- Jew
- A descendant of the acient Hebrews, the founders of the religion of Judaism; also, any person whose religion is Judaism
- pharmacist
- A person who prepares medications for use in healing
- commoner
- A person who is not of noble rank
- pilgrimage
- A journey to a holy site
- persecute
- To cause a person to suffer because of his or her beliefs
- charter
- A written grant of rights and privileges by a ruler or government to a community, class of people, or organisation
- truce
- An agreed-upon halt in fighting
- monasticism
- A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith
- warlord
- A military leader operating outside the control of the goverment
- barbarian
- A person belonging to a tribe or group that is considered uncivilized
- sedentary
- Permanently settled in one place
- Hadith
- Accounts of Muhammads words or actions that are accepted as having authority for Muslims
- Duke
- The higest type or European noble, ranking just below a prince
- maritime
- Relating to the sea
- commerce
- The buying and selling of goods
- Illuminated Manuscript
- A handwritten book decorated with bright colors and precious metals
- extended family
- An immediate family(parents and their children) plus other close relatives, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins
- Iberian peninsula
- A peninsula in southwestern Europe that today is divied between Spain and Portugal
- province
- A division of a country or an empire
- observatory
- A building designed for observing the stars and planets
- moveable type
- Individual characters made of wood or metal that can be arranged to create a job for printing and then used over again
- excavate
- In archeology, to carefully dig out an ancient site
- harrow
- A farm tool used to break up and even out plowed ground
- clan
- A group of related families
- terra-cotta
- A baked clay often used to make pottery and sculptures
- amulet
- A piece of jewelry or other object used as a charm to provide protection against bad luck, illness, injury, or evil
- journeyman
- A person who has learned a particular trade or craft but has not become an employer, or master
- scaffolding
- A framework used to support workers and materials during the construction or repair of a building
- gunpowder
- An explosive powder made of saltpeter and other materials
- icon
- A type of religious image typicall painted on a small wooden panel and considered sacred by Eastern Orthodox Christians
- caravan
- A group of people traveling together for mutual protection, often with pack animals such as camels
- dynasty
- A line of rulers descended from the same family
- vault
- A arched structure used to hold up a ceiling or a roof
- cathedral
- A large and important church
- apprentice
- A person who works for an expert in a trade or craft in return for training
- proverb
- A popular saying that is ment to express something wise or true
- immune system
- The body's natural defense against disease
- aqueduct
- A pipe or channel built to carry water between distant places
- currency
- The form of money used in a country
- monotheism
- Belief in a single god
- theology
- The study of God and religious truth
- caliph
- A title taken by Muslim rluers who claimed religious authority to rule
- hierarchy
- A system of organizing people into ranks, with those of higher rank having more power and privileges
- fresco
- A picture painted on the moist plaster of a wall or ceiling
- folktale
- A story that is usually passed down orally and becomes part of a community's tradition
- tribe
- A social group that shares a common ancestry, leadership, and traditions
- clergy
- The body of people, such as priests, who perform the sacred functions of a church
- Anatolia
- A large peninsula at the western edge of Asia; also called Asia Minor
- evolution
- The process by which different kinds of animals and other living things develop
- rhetoric
- The study or persuasive writing an speaking
- longbow
- A large bow used for firing feathered arrows
- Inquisition
- A judicial body established by the Catholic Church to combat heresy and other forms of religious error
- bureaucracy
- A highly organized body of workers with many levels of authority
- conservatory
- An advanced school of music
- monk
- A man who has taken a solemn vow to devote his life to prayer and service in a monastery
- miracle play
- A type of religious drama in the Middle Ages based on stories about saints
- almsgiving
- The giving of money, food, or other things of value to the needy
- segmental arch bridge
- A bridge supported by arches that are shallow segments(parts) of a circle
- Friar
- A member of a certain religious order devoted to teaching and works of charity
- mural
- A painting on a wall
- catapult
- A slingshot-like war machine used for shooting rocks, shells, and other objects
- religious order
- A brotherhood or sisterhood of monks, nuns, or friars
- liturgy
- A sacred rite of public worship
- call and response
- A song style in which a singer or musician leads with a call and a group responds
- mass-produce
- To make similar items in quantity by using standardized designs and dividing labor among workers
- expulsion
- Removal by force
- rainforest
- An area of lush vegetation and year-round rainfall
- relic
- An object considered holy because it belonged to, or was touched by , a saint or other holy person
- irrigate
- To bring water to a dry place in order to grow crops
- garrison
- A place where a group of soldiers is stationed for defensive purposes
- Bubonic plague
- A deadly contagious disease caused by bacteria and spread by fleas
- guild
- An organization of people in the same craft or trade
- circumference
- The distance around a circle or sphere
- civil service examinations
- A test given to qualify candidates for positions in the goverment
- astronomy
- The science of the stars, planets, and other objects in the universe
- Divine Right of Kings
- The belief that God gives monarchs the right to rule
- nun
- A woman who has taken a sacred vow to devote her life to prayer and sercive to the church
- fief
- Land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service
- monarch
- A ruler, such as a king or queen
- chivalry
- The medieval knights code of ideal behavior, including bravery, loyalty, and respect for women
- applique
- A technique in which shaped pieces of fabric are attached to a background fabric to form a design or picture
- armor
- A covering, usually made of metal or leather, worn to protect the body during fighting
- manor
- A large estate, including farmland and villages, held by a lord
- Fatimid dynasty
- A muslim ruling family in Egypt and North Africa that was descended from Fatimah, Muhammad's daughter
- excommunicate
- To formally deprive a person of membership in a church
- schism
- A formal division in a church or religious body
- crossbow
- A medieval weapon made up of a bow that was fixed across a wooden stock(which had a groove to direct the arrow's flight) and operated by a trigger
- minstrel
- A singer or musician who sang or recited poems to music played on a harp or other instrument
- terrace
- A flat strip of ground on a hillside used for growing crops
- natural law
- The concept that there is a universal order built into nature that can guide moral thinking
- succession
- Inheritance of the right to rule
- tributary
- A ruler or country that pays tribute to a conqueror
- algebra
- A branch of mathematics that solves problems involving unknown numbers
- plateau
- A raised area of flat land
- monastery
- A community of monks
- siege
- An attempt to surround a place and cut off all access to it in order to force a surrender
- woodland forest
- An area of abundant trees and shrubs
- mosaic
- A picture made up of small pieces of tile, glass, or colored stone
- nomad
- A person who moves from place to place, often in search of water and vegetation
- inoculate
- to protect against disease by transmitting a disease-causing agent to a person, stimulating the body's defensive reactions
- headdress
- A decorative covering worn on the head, often as a sign of rank
- domain
- The land controlled by a ruler or lord
- convent
- A community of nuns; also called a nunnery
- synagogue
- A Jewish house of worship
- mysticism
- A form of religious belief and practice involving sudden insight and intense experiences of God
- polytheist
- A person who believes in more than one god
- public works
- Construction projects built by the government for public use, shuch as buildings, roads, and bridges
- sacrament
- A solemn rite of Christian churches
- genealogy
- An account of the line of ancestry within a family
- Christianity
- The religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ
- anti-semitism
- Prejudice toward Jews
- segregation
- The forced separation of one group from the rest of a community
- calligraphy
- The art of beautiful handwriting
- mystery play
- A type of religious play in the Middle Ages based on stories from the Bible
- convert
- A person who adopts new beliefs, especially those of a religious faith
- patrilineal
- Based on a mans family line
- common law
- A body of rulings made by judges that become part of a nation's legal system
- canal lock
- A gated chamber in a canal used to raise or lower the water level
- deposit
- A layer or mass of a material found in rock or in the ground
- zoology
- The scientific study of animals
- textile
- A woven cloth
- porter
- A person who is hired to carry loads
- ransom
- Money paid in exchange for the release of prisoners
- chain pump
- A pump with containers attached to a loop of chain to lift water and carry it where it is wanted
- scribe
- A person trained to write or copy documents by hand
- philosophy
- The study of wisdom, knowledge, and the nature of reality
- Imam
- A leader of prayer om a mosque
- leprosy
- A skin and nerve disease that causes open sores on the body and can lead to seriouc complications and death
- tribute
- A payment made by one ruler or country to another for protection or as a sign of submission
- barge
- A long boat with a flat bottom
- noble
- A person of high rank by birth or title
- heretic
- A person who holds beliefs that a contrary to the teachings of a church or other group
- astrolabe
- An instrument used to observe and measure the position of the sun and other heavenly bodies
- porcelain
- A hard, white pottery; also called china
- vaccine
- A substance used to immunize people against a disease
- dome
- A roof shaped like a half-circle or hemisphere
- boycott
- A refusal to do business with an organization or group
- moat
- A deep, wide ditch, often filled with water