Chapter 3 and 4 test
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Chinese first invented- made from mulberry trees
- paper
- Reached from Bay of Bengal to Arabian Sea. Favored Hinduism, but supported Buddhism. Chandra Gupta I, II, and Skanda Gupta. The golden age because it flourished.
- Gupta rulers
- seasonal winds named for the direction. Term comes from Arabic word- season
- Monsoons
- system that administers the government on a day to day basis. Members usually appointed on basis of competitive examinations
- civil service
- used by Chinese priests. Bones from the shoulder of a cattle of shell of a tortoise to interpreted answers and questions
- oracle bones
- important priest in the Vedic religion. Indian language- Sanskrit
- Brahmins
- Took control of Pataliputra on Ganges River, made beautiful city. Raised army of 700,00 soliders and conquered from Ganges River to west of Indus
- Chandragupta Maurya
- Buddhist belief of attaining perfect peace- freeing cycle of reincarnation
- nirvana
- prince who ruled an Aryan city-state
- raja
- The three mountain ranges of India
- Hindu Kush, Himalayas, and Karakoram
- fertile soil carried as sediment in river water. Three river valleys, Huang He, Chang Jiang, and Xi Jiang
- silt
- the symbol that is used for Chinese emperors
- dragon
- Humility, contentment, and loyalty- absorbed Chinese culture. Emphazised universal charity and compassion. India-brought Buddhism- during Han Dynasty.
- Buddhism in China
- Hindu religious practice- physical and mental discipline- harmonizes body with soul
- yoga
- Chinese medicinal practice that involves insertion needles in designated parts of the body
- acupuncture
- Song of the Lord. Krishna- explains love and devotion to Vishnu can lead to salvation
- Bhagavad Gita
- form of government which a ruler held total power
- autocracy
- Artisians created jewelry from
- jade, bronze, and ivory. Also made vases and pottery made from kaolin- white clay
- Used abstract numbers, negative numbers, daily rotation of Earth on axis and eclipses of sun and moon. Mathematician- one of the first to use algebra- quadratic equations
- Aryabhata
- Strong central fortress. Latin word- citias- city
- citadel
- extraordinarily yellow soil
- loess
- Long poems describing heroes and great events. Epos- words
- epics
- the Middle Kingdom
- Zhongguo
- Hindu belief that God and human beings are one. Monothesim- comes from Greek word monos.
- Monism
- Believed in gods of wind, sun, clouds and moon
- Some gods were used in festivals
- Famous philosopher, teacher, and political theorist. 551-479 BC. Also believed that only well-educated should be the emperor
- Confucius
- Found by Laozi, Became second to Confucinasim, " Way of Nature". People should not strive for riches or poor.
- Daoism
- 1. All human life involves suffering and sorrow. 2. that the desire for a life of pleasure and material gains suffer and sorrow. 3. renouncing desire frees people from suffer and helps their souls. 4. the Eigthfold Path leads to renunciation or denial of desire and attainment of nirvana
- 4 Noble Truths
- artful of writing used carefully brushed strokes
- calligraphy
- Historical themes- epics based on
- Mahabharata- story of great civil war, and Ramyana- story about Ramayana- hero who saves Sita
- Used to across central China to Mediterranean region. Used for trade
- Silk Road
- Every person should be accepted by certain role. 2. government should be virtuous instead of military power.
- Two ways to end political disorders- Confucius's beliefs
- ritual suicide by Indian widows
- suttee
- Severe punishment. peace/prosperity could only achieve. believed in power, first Qin emperor- Shi Huangdi. created poverty dynasty. View of people- selfish and unstrustworthy
- Legalism
- ancient religion characterized by belief that spirits inhabited all things. Latin word- anima- soul.
- animism
- Hindu belief in fullfillment or moral duty so that soul can progress towards deliverance
- dharma
- 1. right views. 2. right intentions. 3. right speech. 4. right action 5. right living 6. right effort 7. right mindfulness. 8. right concentration
- Eightfold Path
- Intro of iron were used for pulling oxen and what dynasty was it made in
- Zhou
- Huang He had floods. Devastating floods led to the Chinese nickname
- China's Sorrow
- Known as the Analects. Collection of writings.
- Confuciusm
- Known as the Enlightened One. 563-483 BC. Real name was Siddhartha Gautama
- Buddha
- Most important works of Chinese literature. Book of Poetry- 300 songs of love, History- semihistorians, Divination- art of foretelling, Spring and Autumn Annals- record of events in the city of Lu, Books of RItes- etiquette and ceremonies.
- Five Classics
- Complex philosophical explanations- Vedic religion
- Upanishads
- Hindu belief that present condition of a person's life. Reflects to positive and negative energy.
- karma
- right to rule, Chinese rulers believed to receive from the gods
- Mandate of Heaven
- Grandson of Chandragupta. India's greatest rulers in 270 BC. Set up stone pillars inscribed with laws in public places. PArdoned prisoners and forbade animal sacrifices.
- Asoka
- marriage to more than one person. Poly- more than one
- polygny
- Established Pax Sinica or Chinese Peace
- Wu Di
- hemispherical or dome-shaped shrine- held objects associated with Buddha
- stupa
- Hindu belief in rebirth of the soul.
- reincarnation
- rise and fall of successive families of rulers in China. Believed that family members were united through religion.
- dynastic cycle
- Chinese language used for
- consisting one syllable and symbols, each standing for a separate word
- Importance of family, respect for one's elders, and reverence from the past and one's amcestors
- Confuciusm philosophy
- social organization of india- composed 4 classes
- caste system
- Importance of spinal cord, surgical procedures, bone setting, plastic surgery. Indian doctor who practiced strict cleaniness
- Susruta