Government- Study Guide #1 Definations
Terms
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- Federalists
- Supporters of Constitution; tended to be upper elite, Madison and Hamilton
- Virginia Plan
- Bicameral Legislature, Favored large states, Executive branch was selected by the legislative, Limited Judiciary, Council of revision, National government can overturn state laws.
- New Deals
- programs by F. Roosevelt addressing Great Depression- economic security by governement.
- Unfunded mandates
- money is not provided, yet action is required (ex: wheelchair access law)
- Anti Federalists
- Oppose Constitution
- Delegate
- Represents view of constituents- fully- even if it is not in the public's best interest
- Articles of Confederation
- A new goverment by the colonies, after continental congress, Centralized government was feared and legislstive powers were better
- Stamp Act
- Tax against stamping legal documents
- Voting Rights Act, 1965
- Banned literacy test, if any voting change counties must identify federal government
- 2nd Continental Congress
- 1776- All participate; not happy with the king so army is raised, declare independence from Britain
- New Jersey Plan
- Unicameral Legislature, favored small states (everyone is equal), Weak Judiciary system
- Republican
- select few make decisions for everyone
- Bill of attainder
- specific people were in jail; it did not matter if they committed a crime or not.
- Divine Right of Kings
- Born in that position
- Funded mandates
- money must be used in a certain way.
- Supremacy Clause
- The constitution is the supreme law of the land.
- Great Society
- Lyndon Johnson, Government programs to alleviate poverty
- Writes of Assistance
- Britain issued- can go into any home without warrant
- Convention Delegates
- All smart, wealth white males- all agreed that Articles of Confederation was a failure.
- Hobbes- 1640s/England
- Believed in self preservation- without government, this right in nature is gone. (Ex: airport security)
- Electoral College
- No popular vote, electors based on population for each state.
- 14th Amendment
- states can't discriminate by race
- Natural Right-1600s
- Idea of people being born with rights
- Social Contract Theory-
- Government protects your rights. People are born with basic rights that are in jeopardy due to people's natural instincts.
- Shay's Rebellion
- Daniel Shays from Mass. cannot pay for his home, yet goverment still ows him money for his military service, as his home was being foreclosed he started a rebellion, Mass. militia was pointless, banks ended up stopping the rebellion.
- Elastic Clause
- Congress has power to stretch powers.
- Bill of Rights
- Compromise by NY and VA; agreement with Madison
- Democratic
- Vote/ Select members to make decisions, you can change! (ex: U.S)
- Aquinas
- used natural law to justify Catholic Church. (Ex: divorce- if against Catholic Church- not law)
- Block Grants
- Converting funded mandates
- Great Compromise
- Roger Sherman, VA plan and NJ plan both used, not everyone gets what they want.
- Civil Rights Act, 1964
- no longer discriminate in workforce
- Constitutionalism
- A law can't violate the constitution- constitution is superior!
- 3/5 Compromise
- How slaves should be represented within the population: each slave 3/5 of a person
- Interstate Commerce Plan
- Regulates commerce between different states.
- Trustee
- Constituents trust representatives to make decisions inn their best interest, even if they DO NOT agree
- habeus corpus
- There must be a reason why a person is detained!
- Federalist Papers
- Created by Madison and Hamilton
- Quebec Act
- Act stating that the Church of England and the Catholic Church were only OFFICIAL- violates religious freedom
- Natural Law
- Law must reflect moral truths (ex: gravity- you can't avoid it)
- Plato believed:
- that you were born a leader
- 13th Amendment
- Bans slavery
- Non- democratic
- Appointed by communist party (ex: China)
- Sugar Act
- Tax against molasses= rum
- Magna Carta
- list of rights, not one government
- Federalism
- Balance of power between governments (ex: national, state, local and city)
- Ancient Natural Law
- way society would follow obligations
- Pure Democracy
- all citizens participate in policy decisions-rare and inefficient- U.S. is NOT
- Why leave England?
- Due to religious persecution, Harrassment, and mainly for Economics (to make money $$$)
- 15th Amendment
- no voting discrimination
- Locke- 1680s/ England
- Life, Liberty and Property. We should have a limited governement.
- Full Faith and Credit Clause
- laws should be recognized in each state (Ex: different sex marriage, driver's licenses)
- New Federalism
- Return power to the states
- Brown vs. Board of Education
- schools can no longer segregate by race.
- 1st Continental Congress
- 1775, Georgia did not participate- colonists grive to king together