1st AID USMLE Step 1 Neurology and Psychiatry Addendum

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Ophthalmic artery: exit from skull: optic canal
central retinal vein: entrance into skull: optic canal
ophthalmic vein: entrance into skull: Superior orbital fissure
IV: exit from skull: Superior orbital fissure
V1: exit from skull: Superior orbital fissure
VI: exit from skull: Superior orbital fissure
VIII: exit from skull: internal auditory meatus
X: exit from skull: jugular foramen
XI: exit from skull: jugular foramen
jugular vein: exit from skull: jugular foramen
brain stem: entrance into skull: foramen magnum
vertebral arteries: entrance into skull: foramen magnum
carotid artery: entrance into skull: carotid canal
Ascending pressure, vibration, touch, and proprioception: Synapse 1: Nucleus cuneatus or gracilis (medulla)
Ascending pressure, vibration, touch, and proprioception: 2nd order neuron: ipsillateral grey

**decussates in medulla, ascends contralatterally in medial lemniscus
Ascending pressure, vibration, touch, and proprioception: Synapse 2: Synapse 2: VPL of thalamus
Ascending pressure, vibration, touch, and proprioception: 3rd order neuron: 3rd order neuron: sensory cortex
ascending pain and temperature sensation: Synapse 1: Ipsilateral gray matter of spinal cord
ascending pain and temperature sensation: 2nd order neuron: ipsilateral grey

** decussates at anterior white commissure and ascends contralaterally
ascending pain and temperature sensation: Synapse 2: Synapse 2: VPL of thalamus
ascending pain and temperature sensation: 3rd order neuron: 3rd order Neuron: sensory cortex
Voluntary motor control: Synapse 1: cell body of anterior horn (spinal cord)
Voluntary motor control: 2nd order neuron: Lower motor neuron
Voluntary motor control: Synapse 2: Synapse 2: neuromuscular jnx
swallowing: what nerve?: CN IX and X
salivation (parotid): what nerve?: CNIX
carotid body and sinus chemo and baroreceptors: what nerve: CN IX
lacrimation: what nerve?: VII
salivation (submax and subling): what nerve?: VII
eyelid closing: what nerve?: VII
swollowing & palate elevation: what nerve?: CNX
talking: what nerve?: X
thoracoabdominal viscera innervation: what nerve?: X
aortic arch chemo and baroreceptors: what nerve?: X
anterior or posterior circle of willis: general motor dysfunction?: anterior
anterior or posterior circle of willis: aphasia?: anterior
anterior or posterior circle of willis: visual deficits: posterior
anterior or posterior circle of willis: coma: posterior
anterior or posterior circle of willis: cerebellar deficits (ataxia): posterior
elevation of palate: what nerve?: CN X
Waiter's tip lesion to what brachial plexus structure?: Upper trunk
Upper trunk of brachial plexus lesion. what result?: waiter's tip
Claw hand lesion to what brachial plexus structure?: Lower Trunk
What roots in upper trunk --of brachial plexus: C5 C6
Lower trunk of brachial plexus lesion. what result?: Claw hand
Saturday night palsy...what lesion?: radial nerve at shaft of humerus
radial nerve compression at shaft of humerus lesion, what syndrome?: saturday night palsy
*wrist drop
axillary nerve from what cord?: posterior
radial nerve from what cord: posterior
musculocutaneous from what cord?: lateral
median nerve from what cord?: lateral AND medial
ulnar nerve from what cord: medial
Extensor nerves of brachial plexus: axillary and radial
extensor divisions of brachial plexus: posterior
flexor divisions of brachial plexus: anterior
damage to long thoracic nerve what result?: winged scapula
winged scapula what nerve damage?: long thoracic nerve
innervation of brachioradialis: radial nerve
innervation of supinator: radial nerve
innervation of opponens pollicis: median
innervation of abductor pollicis brevis: median
innervation of flexor pollicis brevis: median
innervation of abductor pollicis longus: radial
*posterior interosseous
innervation of flexor pollicis longus: median
*anterior interosseous
landmark for pudendal nerve block: ischial spine
location of McBurney's point: 2/3 of way from umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine

*for finding appendix
landmark for lumbar puncture: iliac crest
posterior half of skull dermatome?: C2
high turtleneck shirt dermatome?: C3
Low collar shirt dermatome?: C4
nipple dermatome?: T4
xiphoid process dermatome?: T7
umbilicus dermatome?: T10
inguinal ligament dermatome?: L1
kneecaps dermatome?: L4
erection, sensation of penis and anus dermatome?: S2,3,4
afferent neuron type stimulated by muscle spindle: Ia
motor fiber type stimulated in stretch reflex: alpha
location of muscle spindle: in parallel with muscle fibers
organ which measures muscle stretch: muscel spindle
organ which measures muscle tension: golgi tendon organs
motor neuron which stimulatus contraction the muscle spindle (intrafusal fiber): gamma neuron
biceps reflex, nerve roots: C*5*,6
triceps reflex nerve roots: C*7* C8
Patella reflex nerve roots: L3, L*4*
Achiles reflex nerve roots: S*1*, S2
Moro reflex: extension of limbs when startled
Rooting reflex: nipple seeking
Palmar reflex: grasp objects in palm
Babinski reflex: toe dorsiflexion with plantar stimulation

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