AIDS 2
Terms
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- Expression
- Cluster of signs, symptoms, and diseases
- Syndrome includes:
- rare vascular cancer (Kaposi’s sarcoma), rare pneumonia (Pneumocystis carinii), weight loss, lymphadenopathy, other cancers & diseases
- History
-
First cases described in early 1980s
originated probably from two SIVs hybridizing -
Epidemiology
worldwide stats -
39.5 m – 47 m prevalence
4.3 m incidence in 2006
2.9 m deaths from AIDS in 2006 -
Epidemiology
US stats -
1 m in U.S. prevalence
Stats flat -
Etiology
Etiological Agent - HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
- HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
-
spherical virus with lipid envelope
Two types of glycoprotein spikes pierce the envelope; knobs on spikes mediate adsorption - HIVI and HIVII are...
- retroviruses
- HIV family
- HTLV (human lymphotropic viruses) - retroviruses
- Type I and Type II of AIDS:
- Leukemia and lymphoma
- Type III
- now called HIV
- HIV is an obligate intracellular parasite;
- it requires receptor to infect--CD4 receptor found on lymphocytes
- Transmission
-
-passed through body fluids
Sexual contact (homo or hetero)
-Mother to child during pregnancy and through breast milk
-Needle sharing during drug use
-Blood products (now screened) - NOT transmitted through:
- urine, tears, sweat, saliva
-
Pathogenesis
HIV - enters mucous membrane, travels to dendritic cell (phagocyte)