Social Studies Final Review
Terms
undefined, object
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- landform
- A natural land shape or feature
- needs
- those things we must have or satisfy
- system
- a working thing made up of two or more parts
- region
- basic unit of geographical study
- trial-and-error learning
- trying different methods to solve a problem
- conditioned response
- the response the subject is trained to perform
- relative location
- location based on the location of something that is known
- ocean
- four of these; earth's major bodies of water
- environment
- surroundings
- revolution
- the movement of the earth around the sun
- precipitation
- water falling as rain, snow, or fog
- place
- describes what can be found at a location
- climate
- weather patterns in a region over a period of time
- superego
- represents society's teachings regarding right and wrong
- rotation
- the spinning of the earth on its axis
- equator
- line running east and west that separates the northern hemisphere from the southern hemisphere
- latitude lines
- run east and west; determine position north or south of the equator
- legend
- same as the key; shows the meanings of a map's symbols
- key
- same as a legend; shows the meanings of a map's symbols
- rationalization
- Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior.
- globe
- miniature round model of the earth
- map
- a flat representation of the earth's round surface
- stimulus
- something in a subject's environment that causes the subject to respond
- creativity
- the ability to see things in new and different ways
- absolute location
- exact position of an object on the earth's surface
- Chamberlain
- Led the defense of Little Round Top at Gettysburg
- regions
- areas that have common characteristics
- transportation map
- shows roads, highways, and points of interest
- greenhouse effect
- Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases
- shaping
- rewarding a subject when it performs responses that are close to the desired response
- id
- represents our most basic needs and desires
- economic map
- shows the resources and occupations of an area
- geography
- study of where things are on the earth, why they are there, and how they relate to humans
- continent
- seven of these; earth's major land masses
- scale
- used to show distance on a map
- defense mechanisms
- protect us from physical or emotional pain
- ego
- keeps the id and superego balanced
- observation
- Information obtained through the senses. Is the recording of data using scientific instruments; and refer to any data collected during an experiment.
- developmental psychologist
- A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
- positive reinforcement
- giving a subject something is wants in order to get the subject to perform the desired behavior
- self-actualization
- according to Maslow, becoming the best person one can possibly be.
- blue
- color of most Union Army uniforms
- unconscious needs
- needs of which we are not fully aware
- mental set
- a picture of the way things ought to be or should be
- Prime Meridian
- Literally, "First Line;" 0 degrees longitude
- classical conditioning
- A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
- negative reinforcement
- taking away something the subject does not like in order to get the subject to perform the desired response
- axis
- imaginary line through the earth from north to south around which the earth spins
- ecosystem
- interaction between living and nonliving elements of the environment
- location
- describes the spot on the earth an objest occupies
- denotation
- the dictionary definition of a word
- biodegradable
- having chemical parts that decay over time
- behavioral science
- the scientific study of human behavior
- experimental psychologist
- studies behavior of people and animals in controlled laboratory setting
- longitude lines
- run north and south; determine position east and west of the prime meridian
- caliber
- measures the diameter of a bullet and the diameter of a rifle barrel
- learning
- a change in behavior caused by experience
- geographer
- a person who studies physical or cultural geography
- personality
- the combination of experience patterns, hereditary factors, and environmental factors that makes every human a unique individual
- human geography
- study of the impact of physical features of the earth on human activity
- political map
- show boundaries of countries, states, counties, towns
- empathy
- Identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives
- social psychologist
- Psychologists who study how people influence one another's behavior and mental processes, individually and in groups
- grey
- color of most Confederate Army uniforms
- physical geography
- study of the physical features of the earth's surface
- heredity
- the passing of traits from parents to children through reproduction
- atmosphere
- the layer of gasses surrounding the earth
- adaptation
- A changing to fit new conditions
- grid
- a system of horizontal and vertical lines
- direction
- north, south, east, west
- analysis
- finding patterns and meaning in observations
- ecology
- the study of the earth's ecosystem
- projection
- projecting one's faults onto someone else
- emotions
- feelings such as love, happiness, fear, hate
- psychology
- the study of how the mind and body work together to create thoughts that lead to actions
- denial
- refusing to believe something even if it is obvious
- conscious needs
- those needs of which we are aware
- operant conditioning
- A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
- developed nation
- nations with relatively high standards of living and economies based more on industry than on agriculture
- perception
- information gathered through the senses
- nonrenewable
- cannot be replaced
- resource
- something that we use
- response
- the result of a stimulus
- repression
- pushing painful memories into the subconscious
- developing nation
- Nations that are economically and technologically less developed than industrialized nations.