language and culture test 1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- four subdisciplines of anthropology
- linguistic, culture, biological or physical, archaeology
- linguistic anthroplogy
- language is CULTURALLY SPECIFIC RULES. focus on PERFORMANCE. (e-language)
- Language vs a language
- Language with a capital L is knowledge + performance + comptence + creativity.. a language is just like English, Spanish.
- Speech
- the action.. consists of phonology, morphology, and syntax. creativity.
- webs of significance
- this is how geertz defines culture. complex webs that humans spin
- Langue and Parole
- basically Language & Speech.. by Ferdinand de Saussure
- Phoneme
- stems from phonology, the range of sounds that people understand as the same... substitution changes meaning. bin vs pin
- Morphology
- the smallest change of sound to carry meaning.. continuity.. book is different from books
- Syntax
- the rules that govern the arrangement of morphemes in sentences..
- icon, index, symbol
- gator chomp, we know what to associte. index is depenedent on context.. symbol is like bear JuST something attached to something.
- semoitics
- communication.. signs and symbols
- performance and three senses
- competence->knowledge, performance->speech, creativity->making new sentences.. usin proper syntax
- indexicality
- context
- participation
- interacting with people.. the action of using speech
- competence
- knowledge.. like language?
- culture
- start as agriculture... then emerged to ideas and customs of a particular group
- contact zones
- places where different cultures meet grapple connect
- orthography
- books. dictionaries, grammatical text, on languages. basis of colonial conflict? understands and controls colonies
- paradigm
- way of thinking... constantly changing through a series of events. they go back and forth..
- paradigm 1 - documentation
- created by FRANK BOAS document. describe. lexion. grammer vocab.
- paradigm 2 - language in context
- study your own language.. you learn it as a kid.. comes naturally.. PERFORMANCE over competence. language doesnt provide direct access to mind. response to CHOMSKY DELL HYMES leader of this. 1960s
- paradigm 3 - identity
- language sheds light on issues. emerged in the 1980s when anthroplogists liked performance.
- Frank boas
- german. came up wiht paradigm 1 and the 4 disciplines of anthro.
- noam chomsky
- children born knowng language. competence (i-language) vs performance (e-language). people should study their own languages.
- language idealogy
- formed by 2nd paradigm anthropologists... how their own people feel about the language
- culture relativism
- each culture should be understood on its OWN terms and not some giant congolomeration of one thing
- linguistic relativity
- sapir-wharf mADE THIS . languages determine how we think. language is basis of world view. environment shpaes how we think.
- sapir
- student of boas.. language shapes culture
- wharf
- chemical engineer and insurance agent. language entails own theory of the universe.
- ethnos and graphen
- ethnos - group of poeple. graphen.. writing.. study of?
- ethnography (process) + (product)
- getting a local viewpoint.. witnessing first hand..
- bronislaw malainowski
- created participant observation method
- participant observation
- getting in there and living in it.. while observing.. THICK ETHNOGRAPHY
- emic vs etic
- M comes first so near experience vs distant experience