Unit 6 History
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- Where did the agricultural revolution begin?
- England
- The agricultural revolution helped decline ___________
- widespread famine
- The Agricultural revolution helped increased _______
- amount of food... however, malnourishment continues to this day
- Abandoned idea of leaving a field _______
- fallow
- Fallow field
- Unused field - left it that way to let it rest & let nutrients come back
- Farmers typically left ____ of their fields fallow
- 1/3rd
- Crop rotation
- rotating crops did not damage fields, but gave it oppurtunity of giving & taking nurients
- Fodder crops
-
Crops humans dont eat much of, put nutrients back into the soil
animal eat them & then "fertilize" the field - Ex. fodder crops
- clover, turnips
- New Crops (from the new world)
- Potato & Corn
- Potato
- Survival food, many calories, much nutrition, easily grown anywhere
- Corn
- grows up, thus taking little space, yields more food peracre than virtually any other crop
- Iron plow
- Dug deeper & could be sharpened
- Seed drill
-
Plant seeds in rows
makes weeding & fertilizing easier - Market Agriculture (instead of susbistence agriculture)
- gave faarmers oppurtunity to get invloved in agriculture (could profit from excess grain & foods)
- Enclosure movement
-
"Fencing in property" so peope knew where property ended
- farmers could recognize neighors farmers crops - created diversity in crops, helping everybodys diet - Improvements in livestock, breeding
-
Avg Weight of a steer in 1700: 370 lbs
Avg weight of a steer in 1800: 840 lbs
Avg sheep weight in 1700: 28 lbs
Avg sheep weight in 1800: 100 lbs - Breakthroughs were ___ to develop & _____ to undertake
- slow, risky
- Scientific Revolution
-
has shaped the modern world
- the modern world is a product of it
- origin of the modern world - Science becomes more significant than _____ as far as answering the questions we have about _____
- religion, life
- Ptolemic View
-
geocentric (earth = center of everything)
-Earth is surrounded by transparent spheres & stars - Expansion and travel
- When theres an increase in travel, theres an exchange of ideas in our cultures
- Trade
- travel helps expland our minds
- Renaissance & reformation..
- paved way for people to think more independently from the church
- Copernicus
-
Late 15th century early 16th century
-polish
- studied planetary motion
-taught something other than church had tough, fearded getting in trouble for it - Brahe
- Widely known for having most advanceed astronomy lab
- Keplar
- taught planets move not in perfect circles when in motion, but in an elipse, or eliptical motion
- Galileo
-
17th century
-inertia, came up with inertia
-widely known for use of the telescope, but did not invent it. He did build his own & used it to study planets
-came up with theories that got him in trouble
-was italian
-proved moon had craters and mountains and wasnt smooth, - What did the church do to Galileo?
- They put him under house arrest & made him say he was wrong, even though he knew he wasnt.
- Galileo was a victim of..
- being a knowledgeable scientist at the wrong time in history
- Galileo taught and came to a conclusion
- that every physical law on earth can be applied to other parts of the universe
- Sir Isaac Newton
-
17/18th century
"stood on the shoulders of giants" - earlier scientists made it easier for him
developed calculus
& three laws of motion - 3 laws of motion
-
Intertia
rate of change of motion is determined by force acting on it
action and reaction are equal and opposite - Vesalius
- structure of the human body
- Harvery
- circulatory system
- Francic Bacon
-
propogandist for science
"cheerleader" for science
praises science and calls it savior of the human race
-more of a philosopher - Rene Descartes
-
"Cartesian Plane"
-founded analytic geometry
-used/applied scientific method to his philosophy
"I think, therefore I am" - Cartesian Dualism
-
idea that mind and matter are different, yet somehow related
-mind vs. matter
-mind over matter