vocab for set1
Terms
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- Slaves to the Spartans that revolted and nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 B.C.E.
- Helots
- The "Father of History" In the western world becuase he went beyond listing names of rulers or the retelling of ancient legends. Before writing The Persian Wars, He visited many lands, collecting information from people who remembered the acutal events he chronicled.
- Herodotus
- heavily armed greek infantry who carried long spears and fought in closely spaced Calvinism
- Hoplite
- a political system governed by a few people
- Oligarchy
- Athenian statesman. He was the central ruler of Athens during its golden age. He was the central patron behind many of their achievements. He was also a very skilled speaker.
- Pericles
- Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture.
- Athens
- a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta
- Peloponnesian War
- The cheif offical in Athens, who was elected by the people
- Archon
- Cerca 1100 BCE-900 BCE: The invasion of the Dorian civilization into Mycenaean territory. Once the Mycenaean nation ended, the greek culture took a stap back; skills, such as writing, were forgotten.
- Dorian Invasions
- the act of excluding someone from society by general consent
- Ostracism
- a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
- Democracy
- Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts
- Sparta
- abolished debt slavery and freed slaves. limited land allowed to be owned and extended citizenship. stopped the sale of grain. citizens gained more power
- Solon
- An upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to another.
- Aristocracy
- An aristocrat, created a council of 500 and helped from Athenian democracy
- Cleisthenes
- the hill above a Greek city on which temples where built
- Acropolis
- Devoted himself to discussion with the aristocratic young citizens of Athens, qestioning the truth of popular opinions. Charged with corrupting the youth of Athens they sentenced him to death in 399 B.C.E. Accepting this outcome, Socrates drank hemlock and died
- Socrates
- Greek city-state
- Polis
- son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world
- Alexander the Great
- Plato's most famous student, and developed his own ideas about government and analyzed all forms of it. He favored rule by a single and virtuous leader. believed in pursuing the 'golden mean'. he also set up a school and tought many subjects. 1,500 years later the first European universities based their courses largly on the wroks and ideas of him.
- Aristotle
- ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)
- Homer
- a group of 5 officials that helped govern Sparta with the Concil of Elders
- Ephors
- Pact joined in by Athenians and other Greek city-states to continue the war with Persia
- Delian League
- formation of infantry carrying overlapping shields and long spears; group of men packed together (for attack or defense)
- Phalanx
- conflict between Persia and Greece; Persia wanted to punish Athens for helping another city- state
- Persian War
- a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
- Tyranny
- Socrates's student who wrote The Republic, a view of the ideal society (which was not a democracy) in which all citizens would fall naturally into three groups.
- Plato
- the period between the death of Alexander the Great (323 BC) and the conquest of Egypt by Rome (30 BC)
- Hellenistic Age
- the specific artifacts of the ancients as well as the ideas and ideals of democracy, beauty and balance.
- Hellenic Culture
- The Athenian tyrant seized power in 546 B.C. He helped farmersby giving tham loans and land taken from nobles. New building projects gave jobs to the poor. By giving poor citizens a greater voice he further weakened the aristocracy.
- Pisistratus
- earliest greek civilization, settled on Crete, known for shipbuilding, capital Knossos, discovered by Arthur Evans
- Minoans
- other historian but wrote about the Persian War, being fair to both sides. He lived through the war and vividlt described the war's savagery and currupting influence on all those involved
- Thucydides
- Government by a single, sovereign ruler.
- Monarchy
- Civilizations on the Greek mainland that conquered the Minoans in Crete in about 1400 B.C.
- Mycenaeans