S.S. Midterm Vocab
Terms
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- domesticate
- to train animals to be useful to people
- Harrappa
- the other city that was well planned, had sewer systems, and was eventually abandoned
- surplus
- an extra supply of something
- Valley of the Kings
- the place where many pharaohs and rulers were buried in Egypt
- archaeolgy
- the study of the remains of past cultures
- Abraham
- the great leader of the Hebrews during the time Hammurabi ruled in Mesopotamia
- Aryans
- invaders who brought Sanskrit and new religious ideas to India
- subcontinent
- a part of a continent
- Hanging Gardens
- a magnificent Babylonian palace
- Himalayas
- the mountains int northeastern India
- Nile River
- the longest river in the world- helped Egypt civilization by providing water source, silt, and trade route, flows from south (Upper Egypt in the mountains) to north (the Mediterranean Sea)
- scribes
- people in Egypt who received training to write hieroglyphics
- trade
- an exchange of goods
- Hatshepsut
- a woman Egyptian pharaoh the increased Egypt's wealth through trade
- Mesopotamia
- means the land between two rivers (the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers), also called the Fertile Crescent because it has rich soil and is shaped like a quarter moon
- Rosetta Stone
- a tablet that has the exact same message written on it in three languages three times- scholars learned the meanings of hieroglyphics through the Rosetta Stone
- drought
- a long period of dry weather
- political map
- a map showing cities, capitals, state/national boundaries
- cuneiform
- a system of writing invented by the Sumerians that looked wedge-shaped
- nomads
- people who wonder from place to place
- Hindu Kush
- the mountain range northwest of the Indian Peninsula
- artifacts
- objects that scientists study from long ago the tell how people lived in the past
- prehistory
- the time before people began to write
- Old Stone Age
- the period when people met their needs by hunting and gathering
- excavate
- to remove dirt and soil to uncover items from past cultures
- Konrad Spindler
- the person who studied the Ice Man or Otzi and determined how long the ancient hunter had been frozen in the ice
- New Stone Age
- the period from 12,000 to 6,000 B.C. when people developed agriculture and used stone tools
- Mohenjo Daro
- one of the two cities that were well planned, had sewer systems, and abandoned
- Ice Man
- the name given to the ancient person found frozen in the Alps
- hunter-gatherer
- a person who lived a nomadic life in search of food
- city-state
- a self-governing city that controls it and its surronding lands
- history
- the time after records of the past were written down
- oral history
- passing stories and legends down through the generations by word of mouth
- the Code of Hammurabi
- the world's first effort to write down laws, they were an eye for an eye justice
- civilization
- a culture with a system of government and religion
- technology
- the use of skills and tools to meet human needs
- secondary sources
- records of the past that are based on studies of primary sources
- citadel
- a walled-in area like a fortess
- primary source
- a story written by an eyewitness to an event or an object from the event
- physical map
- a map showing natural features such as rivers, lakes, deserts
- specialization
- the doing of a particular kind of work
- pharaoh
- Egypt's supreme ruler and was worshipped by the people as a god
- empire
- a group of lands and people under one government
- barter
- trading one product for another without using money
- polytheism
- belief in many gods
- ziggurats
- temples built by the Sumerains to honor their gods and goddesses
- migrate
- people who move from one place to another
- Sanskrit
- an ancient Indian language
- agriculture
- raising crops for human use
- Khufu
- the pharaoh that ordered the construction of the great pyramid
- the Ten Commandments
- Hebrew law governing religioius belief and behavior
- irrigation
- watering one's crops and contributed most to the growth of civilization in Egypt
- wheat
- Egypt's main crop
- tributary
- branches of a river
- papyrus
- the paper made from reeds that grew in the Nile Delta
- monotheism
- belif in one God