URP Exam 2
Terms
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- Soleri's Hyperstructure
- "all in one", very dense and large
- Private Planning
- sets to satisfy objectives and it seems rational
- RPCs
- Regional Planning Commisions
- Hard Area
- not likely for development
- COGs
- voluntary associations of local governments not visible to citizens of their member municipalities
- Sustainable Development
- Promoting equality & justice through people empowerment & a sense of global citizenship
- Smart Growth
- Save most valuable remaining resources, supporting existing communities, avoid building unnecessary infrastructure
- Main goal of energy planning
- saving nonrenewable resources
- Central Appalachain
- mountainous and coal region
- FHA
- financing the suburbs with long term loans and little down payment
- View from the Right
- Market can provide stabilty but has no knowledge of personal preferences
- Section 8
- lower income federal rental assistance - housing quality standards, fair market rent
- England's planning problems
- Diverting economic growth, preserving farmlands, preventing population decline in distressed areas
- Brownfield
- site that has been or is in commerical or industrial use
- Community Development funds based on
- population, age of housing stock, poverty
- Oregon
- Urban Growth Boundaries, Measure 37 and 49
- TVA
- systematic regional planning that changed the SE
- Urban Design
- Not the buildings themselves but a more specific area such as a neighborhood over an extended time period
- Erie Canal
- linked NYC to Buffalo and the midwest
- Urban Renewal
- federally funded clearing and rebuilding inner city areas
- Souther Appalachain
- exhausted agriculture region
- Soft Area
- likely for (re)development
- Trans-European Network
- investment in education and health
- Why is the Public Sector involved in infrastructure?
- Public good nature, regional development, high risk of investment, environmental
- Disjointed Incrementalism
- Relies on precedent rather than new ideas - Quick, easy, cheap
- Rational Model
- doesn't consider reality, value clarification is a road block, time consuming. Making the best choice is arbitrary
- Neotraditionalist
- redesigning of suburbia
- The Neighborhood Concept
- Unity and coherence, compatibility of land use, created sense of place
- Four Step Process in Transportation Planning
- trip generation, distribution, modal split (income), assignment
- Authority
- an organization created by one or more state governments
- Metropolitan Planning Organization
- Transportation
- economic regional planning
- transportation, public space, infrastructure
- Growth
- developed space, population and economic prosperity, higher demands
- Urban Renewal
- Berman v Parker
- How to manage growth
- Adequate Public facility Programs, Urban Growth Boundary
- FL Concurrency
- Before new development can occur, existing infrastructure must by operating at adequate capacity - level of service standard
- Climate Change Losers
- Central and South America
- US population density
- 100 persons/square mile
- Cost Benefit Analysis
- Rational Model
- equity regional planning
- affordable housing, health, education
- "Unmanaged" growth
- depletes the capacity of nature to support economic activity, a high standard of living, and life itself
- Housing
- constitutes the biggest land use and biggest part of ones salary
- Edge City
- Edge city - Smaller, newer, suburban cities located on peripherals of large metro areas
- Structural Unemployment
- - A mismatch between the supply of labor and the demand for labor
- Types of Unmanaged Growth
- 1) Using the wrong land 2) using land the wrong way
- Climate Change Winners
- Canada
- tax policy
- can deduct interest on mortgage and property taxes
- environmental regional planning
- air quality and parks
- European Regional Development Fund
- goal is to create sustainable jobs
- Greenfield
- site that has never been used for industrial or commercial purposes
- Influences on Planning in Europe
- War, socialism, small countries, and high population density
- Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862
- Granted each state 30,000 acre per congressman to establish an A&M university
- Middle Range Model
- relies on the SWOT method
- Norther Appalachain
- rustbelt
- Ramapo, NY
- Tied growth with infrastructure, point system. Strengthened Police Power
- Planning Models
- rational, disjointed incrementalism, middle- range
- UR
- clear and start from scratch
- Goals of Environmental Planning
- minimizing threat to human health and safety, limiting development in hazardous areas, recreation, preserving resources for future use, protect environment for own sake
- Measure 37 and 49
- governments must compensate owners if zoning restrictions reduce property values
- Davidoff
- First conventional planner and founder of the Suburban Action Institute
- Capital Improvement Plan (CIP)
- budgets, generally mantenance and improvement
- Mass Transit Trends
- ridership low, heavily subsidized, density needed for efficiency
- Advocacy Planning
- The focus is not on how to plan but for whom to plan
- First Pacific Railway Act of 1862
- Financial incentives, land, bonds, funds - first federal shaper
- Eastern Europe
- a mixture of different states with communism in common amongst them
- View from the Right
- market does a better job allocating resources than does planning
- View from the Left
- Working classes accept the fact that Americas liberal Capitalism is dominated by the capitalist class because they are prevented from seeing the truth by those who control the flow of information
- CD
- rehabilitation and preservation
- Homestead Act of 1862
- Settlers could claim (160-acre) blocks of public land at no cost if they would reside on the land for 5 continuous years
- Local Public Agencies
- had the power of eminent domain to acquire sites
- Gravity Model
- location = P1 * P2 / D^2
- Soviet Style of Planning
- Highly centralized, public participation, industrialization, land owned by State
- ISTEA
- Required non-transportation elements in transportation planning
- Population of Tallahassee
- 154,000
- Dams
- one of the major federal projects that shape where development can occur
- Growth Management
- 1980s and Florida
- interstate highway system
- cost 129 billion dollars
- Infrastructure
- Facilities with "the common characteristics of capital intensiveness and high public investment at all levels of government.
- Congressional Budget Office
- Transportation, water supply, schools, hospitals, prisons
- New Urbanism
- Andres Duany - Pedestrian friendly communities, homes are street oriented
- Advocacy Planning
- Davidoff
- Mayland
- Smart growth = Reaction to sprawl
- Urban Renewal
- The Federal Bulldozer
- Equity
- adequate housing, reliable modes of transportation, coordination of infrastructure and development
- Le Corbusier's Voisin
- very dense with public open space plan for Paris
- Bert Harris Act
- decrease in land value = a regulatory taking
- Public Planning
- sets to satisfy complex goals and it seems less rational
- 1785 Ordinance
- Effect of selling farm sized plots of land to individuals, established the PLSS
- Federal Macroeconomic project
- I-69 NAFTA Corridor Superhighway
- Disjointed Incrementalism
- muddling through, process of fine tuning (low risk)