US History-- F.D.R. and the New Deal
Terms
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- "Brain Trusts"
- FDR's use of highly educated advisors, used to make him sound more intellegent
- fireside chats
- every saturday, FDR talked on radio, supposed to soothe people and give them a better view of things and a boost of confidence
- bank holiday
- when FDR immediately closed all the banks in the US for several weeks, told people that the banks were on a break, people bought this, the banks got together with the govt. and passed laws
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC)
- brought recovery and some reform, money that was in a bank would now be insured up to a certain level, created confidence, people wanted to put their money in banks now
- Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
- made to reform the stock market and build up confidence in the American people
- Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)
- govt. insures farmers a certain price for a crop and if you cant sell it then the govt. will buy it from you at that price
- Farm Security Administration (FSA)
- relief- hired workers, mostly photographers
- Dorothea Lange
- great american photographer, photographer of the people, visual messenger of america's everyman
- Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
- produced electricity, owned by the govt., hydro-electric power, gave many people electricity for the first time
- Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
- provided work and relief for men 18-25 years old, mostly white males, in rural areas, bult rd's, payed for work but required to send a percentage home, FDR's fav. program
- Dr. Townsend
- doesnt believe there is enough for the ederly, wanted a retirement plan so they wouldnt starve and would be able to afford things since they no longer work, popular in california
- Father Coughlin
- roman catholic priest, on the radio, didnt believe there was enough for the poor
- Huey Long
- began the share the wealth program, couldnt live up to promises--- couldnt provide everyone with a house, job, and car, financially impossible
- Social Security
- collect money at the age of 62--most people live to be 63 then. aid for widows and children without fathers
- Wagner Act
- gives laborers more rights and power
- General Motors strike
- workers march in and sit down, sit for several days, GM doesnt know what to do so they call in the police to drag them out
- "court packing"
- when FDR couldnt get anything passed b/c supreme court was full of republicans so he decided that for everyone over the age of 60 that he would also place a younger man... democrats, people hated this, called FDR a dictator
- Frances Perkins
- secretary of labor, 1st women in cabinet, FDR influenced to hire her by Eleanor
- Eleanor Roosevelt
- married to FDR, has 6 children, influences husband b/c she is his legs---he cant walk b/c of his polio, volunteers and hospitals, found a girls seminary school, first lady, writes syndicated column my day, defies segregation, believes in rights for women, head of UN human rights commission, very influential
- New Deal
- National Recovery Act (NRA), abandons gold standards, Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Creation of TEnnessee Valley Authority (TVA), Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA), Bank Holiday
- Public Works Administration (PWA)
- established to administer the NRA's spending programs
- John C. Lewis
- leader of the United Mine Workers
- Grand Coulee Dam
- this dam provided cheap electricity for northwest, and it enabled transformation of the west after WWII