US History: Progressive Era
Terms
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- 1912
- Election year, Democratic Wilson defeats Republican Taft and Progressive TR (which split of from Republican party)
- New Freedom
- Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.
- 16th Amendment
- Amendment that legalizes the income tax
- 1904
- Election year, "accidental" incumbent Roosevelt wins handily against Democratic nominee Parker
- Charles Hughes
- Republican nominee for presidential election of 1916, believes he is president due to newspaper misprint
- Keating-Owen Act
- Law enacted to protect against child labor by prohibiting the interstate shipping of goods in which someone under 14 worked to make
- The Shame of the Cities
- Book by Lincoln Steffens which documented political corruption
- The Jungle
- Muckraking book by Upton Sinclair that detailed the gross innards of the meatpacking industry
- Lincoln Steffens
- Author of The Shame of the Cities
- Woodrow Wilson
- 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
- Square Deal
- Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers
- Booker T. Washington
- African American educator who believed that education could give blacks civil rights
- Pure Food and Drug Act
- Federal statute that prohibits selling bad food and establishes meat inspection. Leads way for the Food and Drug Administration
- International Workers of the World
- Coal-miners/dangerous-jobs union known as the "wobblies",
- Woman's Christian Temperance Union
- Group aimed at combating the influence of alcohol in families
- W.E.B. DuBois
- Civil rights activist who helped found NAACP
- John Dewey
- American educator and reformer who was progressive
- 19th Amendment
- Amendment that provides women's suffrage
- 18th Amendment
- Enacts the Prohibition
- Underwood Tariff
- Imposes an income tax and actually does lower the tariff from 40% to 25%
- Muckrakers
- Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public
- Mann Act
- Prohibits interstate trafficking of prostitutes
- Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy
- Controversy in which th Interior (instated be Secretary ofy Taft) attempts to sell off reserved land for industrial development. He is opposed by Chief of the Forest Service, who investigates the issue. Taft decides to drop charges, Pinchot goes public and gets fired.
- Volstead Act
- Early bill that implements the prohibition
- 1908
- Election year, TR's Taft wins against Democratic WJB, who has changed platform to attack "government of priviledge" and adopted many of TR's policies
- Coal Strike of 1902
- Strike by the United Coal Workers of America, threatening to shut down the winter coal supply. Theodore Roosevelt intervened federally, and resolved the dispute
- 17th Amendment
- Amendment that provides for direct election of senators
- Meat Inspection Act
- Law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption.
- New Nationalism
- Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice
- Payne-Aldrich Tariff
- Attempt at tariff reform by lowering tariff that ends up getting so many amendments tacked on that it increases the tariff
- William McKinley
- 25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist
- Ida Tarbell
- Author of The History of the Standard Oil Company which muckraked the oil industry
- Adamson Act
- 1916 law that established 8 hour workday for railroad workers in order to avert a national strike
- Wisconsin Idea
- Package of reform ideas advocated by LaFollette that included Initiative, Recall, Referendum
- Federal Trade Commission
- Federal institution that promotion of consumer protection and the elimination and prevention of anticompetitive business practices
- Upton Sinclair
- Author of The Jungle
- NAACP
- Civil rights organization lead by W.E.B. DuBois
- 1900
- Election year, rematch between Republican McKinley and Democrat WJB. Bryan campaigns again on the silver issue, but loses due to the fact that it has passed out of national consciousness
- Northern Securities
- A railroad trust that was sued by the Sherman Antitrust Case, one of the first trusts to be busted
- 1916
- Election year, during European WWI, Wilson defeats Republican Hughes narrowly for presidency, while campaigning for pacifism
- Jacob Riis
- Author of How The Other Half Lives
- Margaret Sanger
- Birth-control activist
- Clayton Antitrust Act
- New antitrust legislation constructed to remedy deficiencies of the Sherman Antitrust Act, namely, it's effectiveness against labor unions
- Theodore Roosevelt
- 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
- William Taft
- 27th president, known for: Admittance of New Mexico and Arizona, trust-busting, strengthening of Interstate Commerce Commission, belief in world peace. Wanted to be supreme justice, got distant from TR
- How The Other Half Lives
- Book written by Jacob Riis documenting poverty (has photographs)
- Hepburn Act
- Gives the ICC the power to set maximum railroad rates, finally giving the agency enforcement power