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US History: Progressive Era

Terms

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1912
Election year, Democratic Wilson defeats Republican Taft and Progressive TR (which split of from Republican party)
New Freedom
Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.
16th Amendment
Amendment that legalizes the income tax
1904
Election year, "accidental" incumbent Roosevelt wins handily against Democratic nominee Parker
Charles Hughes
Republican nominee for presidential election of 1916, believes he is president due to newspaper misprint
Keating-Owen Act
Law enacted to protect against child labor by prohibiting the interstate shipping of goods in which someone under 14 worked to make
The Shame of the Cities
Book by Lincoln Steffens which documented political corruption
The Jungle
Muckraking book by Upton Sinclair that detailed the gross innards of the meatpacking industry
Lincoln Steffens
Author of The Shame of the Cities
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
Square Deal
Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers
Booker T. Washington
African American educator who believed that education could give blacks civil rights
Pure Food and Drug Act
Federal statute that prohibits selling bad food and establishes meat inspection. Leads way for the Food and Drug Administration
International Workers of the World
Coal-miners/dangerous-jobs union known as the "wobblies",
Woman's Christian Temperance Union
Group aimed at combating the influence of alcohol in families
W.E.B. DuBois
Civil rights activist who helped found NAACP
John Dewey
American educator and reformer who was progressive
19th Amendment
Amendment that provides women's suffrage
18th Amendment
Enacts the Prohibition
Underwood Tariff
Imposes an income tax and actually does lower the tariff from 40% to 25%
Muckrakers
Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public
Mann Act
Prohibits interstate trafficking of prostitutes
Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy
Controversy in which th Interior (instated be Secretary ofy Taft) attempts to sell off reserved land for industrial development. He is opposed by Chief of the Forest Service, who investigates the issue. Taft decides to drop charges, Pinchot goes public and gets fired.
Volstead Act
Early bill that implements the prohibition
1908
Election year, TR's Taft wins against Democratic WJB, who has changed platform to attack "government of priviledge" and adopted many of TR's policies
Coal Strike of 1902
Strike by the United Coal Workers of America, threatening to shut down the winter coal supply. Theodore Roosevelt intervened federally, and resolved the dispute
17th Amendment
Amendment that provides for direct election of senators
Meat Inspection Act
Law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption.
New Nationalism
Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Attempt at tariff reform by lowering tariff that ends up getting so many amendments tacked on that it increases the tariff
William McKinley
25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist
Ida Tarbell
Author of The History of the Standard Oil Company which muckraked the oil industry
Adamson Act
1916 law that established 8 hour workday for railroad workers in order to avert a national strike
Wisconsin Idea
Package of reform ideas advocated by LaFollette that included Initiative, Recall, Referendum
Federal Trade Commission
Federal institution that promotion of consumer protection and the elimination and prevention of anticompetitive business practices
Upton Sinclair
Author of The Jungle
NAACP
Civil rights organization lead by W.E.B. DuBois
1900
Election year, rematch between Republican McKinley and Democrat WJB. Bryan campaigns again on the silver issue, but loses due to the fact that it has passed out of national consciousness
Northern Securities
A railroad trust that was sued by the Sherman Antitrust Case, one of the first trusts to be busted
1916
Election year, during European WWI, Wilson defeats Republican Hughes narrowly for presidency, while campaigning for pacifism
Jacob Riis
Author of How The Other Half Lives
Margaret Sanger
Birth-control activist
Clayton Antitrust Act
New antitrust legislation constructed to remedy deficiencies of the Sherman Antitrust Act, namely, it's effectiveness against labor unions
Theodore Roosevelt
26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
William Taft
27th president, known for: Admittance of New Mexico and Arizona, trust-busting, strengthening of Interstate Commerce Commission, belief in world peace. Wanted to be supreme justice, got distant from TR
How The Other Half Lives
Book written by Jacob Riis documenting poverty (has photographs)
Hepburn Act
Gives the ICC the power to set maximum railroad rates, finally giving the agency enforcement power

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