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APES Ch. 14

Terms

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one third
Aquaculture supplies _____ of the world's commercial fish harvest.
sustainable agriculture
Ecologists support the philosophy of _____.
Great Plains
Where does the major erosion of cropland occur in the US?
commercial inorganic fertilizers
A disadvantage of the green revolution is the intensive us of _____.
narrow-spectrum
A _____ pesticide would only kill the intended species.
Traditional agriculture
_____ is less productive but is practiced by almost half of the world's population.
aquaculture
Tuna, tilapia, clams, and carp are cultivated in _____.
23
Approximately _____ organisms supply 90% of our food.
Catfish
_____ are the most energy efficient to produce, better than pigs, cattle, chicken and goats.
1985 Farm Act
Established by the _____, a conservation reserve cannot be cut for hay, grazed, farmed, and farmers who violate their contracts must pay back all subsidies with interest.
Marasmus
_____ is a result of lack of calories and protein.
Agriculture
_____ can harm the land through soil erosion, salinization, and reduction in microorganism diversity.
Water pollution
_____ has a major environmental impact on livestock production.
polyvarietal cultivation
Out in the wheat fields in Kansas, you pant several varieties of wheat. You are practicing _____.
Farmers
_____ have little control over weather, crop pests, or the global market so the government gives them assistants.
1958 1962
DDT was investigate by Rachel Carson between _____ and _____ and found to be harmful to wildlife and humans.
Sustainable agriculture
_____ is characterized by: A lack of requirements of massive amounts of fossil fuels, promoting polyculture, conserving and building topsoil, and a lack of use of many artificial chemicals.
goiter
Elemental idodine deficiency can cause _____, which can lead to deafness.
China
In the next quarter century, _____ is expected to be the world's leader in greenhouse gas emissions.
high-yield
The plants of the second green revolution are _____ varieties.
monoculture
Promoting _____ is not part of sustainable agriculture.
malnutrition
Immunization, better childcare and water sterilization, and encouraging breast-feeding could reduce _____ and associated infections.
agriculture soil
In most modern agriculture, replenishment of soil fertility, affects _____ resources least.
rodenticide
A _____ would be the specific type of pesticide used to kill a rat.
pesticide
Any substance intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any unwanted organism.
Half
_____ of the calories that humans consume come from a combination of potatoes, wheat, corn, and rice.
40
About _____% of the world's agricultural lands have been degraded by erosion.
Industrialized
The type of agriculture used in developed countries.
5
The tonnage of annual commercial fish catch from all sources has increased _____ times since 1950.
food aid
_____ can discourage receiving governments from investing in rural agricultural development.
false
True or False: China has focused on the sustainable use of resources to the detriment of economic growth.
Strip cropping
Planting crops in alternating rows of close-growing plants.
Soil erosion
_____ includes sheet, rill, and gully erosion.
China
The world leader in aquaculture.
Anemia
_____ can make it hared to find the energy to enjoy hobbies or other leisure activities, complete simple tasks at home or at work, and can lead to serious, life-threatening complications.
trace elements
Commercially available inorganic fertilizers lack _____.
less
Traditional subsistence farming techniques are _____ efficient than large-scale farming techniques.
intercropping
If you plant corn next to nitrogen-restoring alfalfa, you are practicing _____.
Intercropping
_____ involves several different crops on a plot of land.
Construction sites
_____ would be expected to have the most rapid erosion rates.
Perennials
_____ do not contribute as much to soil erosion and water pollution as do annuals crops.
sustainable yield
_____, in marine systems, is difficult to estimate because: harvesting one species' surplus may affect another species' food supply, pollution levels change, and counting aquatic populations isn't easy.
Malnourished
______ individuals may become more prone to infections and eventually may develop a specific deficiency disease.
air-water pollution
The most harmful human-produced environmental impact is _____.
interplanting
Agroforestry, polyvarietal cultivation, intercropping, and polyculture are types of _____.
sports fishermen
In developed countries, aquaculture primarily benefits _____.
1940
The use of fossil fuels, use of pesticides, use of inorganic fertilizers, and use of irrigation has doubled the food productivity in the USA since _____.
fourfold
In the last 50 years, global meat production increased by _____.
10
A _____% decline in pesticide use between 1989 and 1997 contributed significantly to the slowing rate of per capita grain production since 1985.
semi-arid irrigated
Salinization is a worldwide problem, particularly serious in _____ areas with poor drainage.
Soil pH
_____ affects the nutrients that may or may not be available for native vegetation.
15
Urban gardens provide _____% of the world's food.
perennial crops
Use of _____ would reduce: soil erosion, amount off water used, and amount of fossil fuel used.
industrialized agriculture
The US primarily uses _____ for food production.
Overnutrition
People who eat too many calories each day.
inorganic fertilizers
A problem with _____ is that they are quickly leached out by rain.
moving water
What is the cause of most soil erosion?
Strip cropping
_____ both reduces erosion and increases fertility.
subsistence agriculture
Shifting cultivation on small plots in tropical forests is a type of _____.
riparian areas
Sustainable management of rangelands would include allowing now or limited grazing on _____.
Agriculture
_____ has the largest total annual sales in the USA.
200-1000
One inch of topsoil takes an average of _____-_____ years to form in tropical and temperate areas.
erosion
The greatest source of water pollution is sediment from _____.
waterlogging
Irrigation often results in _____.
false
True of False: US food production is the most efficient in the world.
reduces
Compared to conventional tillage, conservation tillage _____ fuel and tillage costs.
1, 5
_____ in _____ people in developing countries are undernourished or malnourished.
Irrigation
____ is least likely to conserve soil nutrients.
Undernutrition
_____ refers to people who eat less than the basic minimum number of daily calories.
75
China depends upon coal for _____% of its energy.
Agriculture
_____ causes more pollution and environmental degradation than any other human activity.
China
Most of _____'s wastes are discharge untreated into rivers.
desertification
Irrigation, overgrazing, soil compaction, and surface mining can lead to _____.
industrialized agriculture
A single type of crop is generally grown in _____.
food prices
To prevent political unrest in the the cities many developing countries keep _____ low.
EPA
The ______ regulates the amount of pesticide residue that is acceptable on the food we eat.
overgrazing
The major goal of range management is maximizing livestock productivity without _____.
Industrialized
_____ agriculture requires large inputs of pesticides, fertilizers, water and fuel.
National Resources Conservation Service
The _____ provides technical assistance to both farmers and ranchers.
decreases
Conservation tillage _____ erosion.
plantation
Coffee, bananas, sugarcane, and cocoa are commonly grown in _____ agriculture.
pesticides
Genetically-modified foods may reduce the need to apply large amounts of _____.

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