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WC- Chapter 13

World Cultures and Geography vocabulary, people to meet, and places to define.

Terms

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Dante Alighieri
Wrote the Divine Comedy, and epic poem in Italian that describes an imaginary journey from hell to heaven.
Guild
Medieval business association of merchants of craftsworkers.
Crecy
The English were first victorious here in 1246.
the Seljuk-Turks
Muslim people from central Asia-took Jerusalem in A.D. 1000s.
Castile
One of the three Christian realms in the Iberian Peninsula. Located in the center.
Geoffrey Chaucer
In England, produced the Canterbury Tales. These narrative poems describe a varied group of pilgrims who tell stories to amuse one another on their way to Thomas a Becket's shrine in Canterbury.
Bohemia
Slavs from here were known as Czechs, and became more aware of their own national identity.
the Hussites
Hus's supporters, resisted the Church and the Holy Roman Emperor, and the Church launched five crusades against them.
Saladin
Diplomatic and forceful leader united the Muslim forces and then captured Jerusalem in A.D. 1187.
the Lollards
Wycliffe's followers, angrily criticized the Church. They destroyed images of saints, ridiculed mass, and ate communion bread with onions to show that it was no different from ordinary bread.
Agincourt
The English were also successful here in 1415.
Joan of Arc
In A.D. 1429, appeared at he court of France's King Charles VII. She told the king that heavenly voices had called her to save France. She inspired a French army to victory at Orleans, soon after her triumph she fell into the English hands, was tried for witchcraft, and burned at the stake.
Pilgrimage
Journey to a holy place.
Jerusalem
The transformation of medieval society begun with holy war over this city.
Peter Abelard
Early scholastic teacher, taught theology in Paris during the early A.D. 1100s. In his book Sic et Non, he collected statements from the Bible and the writings of early Christian leaders that showed both sides of controversial questions.
Pope Urban II
Mounted a platform outside the church at Clermont, France, asking for a volunteer army to take Jerusalem and Palestine from the Seljuks.
Aragon
One of the three Christian realms in the Iberian Peninsula. Located on the Mediterranean Coast.
Ferdinand of Aragon
Married Isabella of Castile. Their two kingdoms, however, maintained separate governments, and royal power was limited by local interests.
Avignon
Clement's court was moved from Rome to here.
Flanders
A region including present-day northern France and southwestern Belgium, became the center of trade on Europe's northern coast.
Venice
An Italian town along with Pisa and Genoa that controlled the Mediterranean trade after A.D. 1200, bringing silks and spices from Asia to Europe.
Isabella of Castile
Married Ferdinand of Aragon.
Burgundy
One of Europe's most prosperous areas,
Louis XI
Son of Charles XII, strengthened the bureaucracy, kept the nobles under royal control, and promoted trade and agriculture. Above all, he worked to unite all French feudal lands under his crown.
Richard I
King of England, joined with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany and King Philip Augustus of France assembled warriors for the Third Crusade.
Apprentice
Person who works for a master to learn a trade, art, or business.
King Henry VII
The first Tudor king. Eliminated royal claimant to the throne, avoided costly foreign wars, and increased royal power over the nobles.
Constantinople
The Seljuk-Turks mainly threated this Byzantine Empire city.
Pope Clement V
In A.D. 1305 a French archbishop was elected pope. Move his court from Rome to Avignon.
Thomas Aquinas
In the A.D. 1200s the most important scholastic thinker. In his work Summa Theologica, he claimed that reason was God's gift that could provide answers to basic philosophical quesitons.
troubadour
Poet-musician of the Middle Ages, who traveled from court to court.
Scholasticism
Medieval school of thought that tried to bring together Aristotle's philosophy and the teachings of Church scholars.
Crusades
Military expeditions by European Christians in the 11th-13th centuries to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims.
John Wycliffe
A scholar of England's Oxford University, criticized the Church's wealth, corruption among the clergy, and the pope's claim to absolute authority.
Simony
The selling of official positions in the medieval Roman Catholic Church.
Journeyman
Craftsworker who has finished an apprentice and works for pay.
Champagne
The most famous fair was here in eastern France.
Master
Skilled artisan who owned a shop and employed other craftsworkers.
Jan Hus
The leader of Czech religious reform movement. A popular preacher and professor at the University of Prague.
Bologna
Most southern European Universities were modeled after the law school here in Italy, and specialized in law and medicine.
Cortes
Assembly of nobles, clergy, and town officials in medieval Spain; also, the parliament of modern Spain.
Charter
Formal document granting the right of self-rule.
Richard III
Proclaimed himself king after King Edward's death, and locked his nephews in the Tower of London. Tried to rule but lacked widespread support. He finally fell to the forces of Henry Tudor on Bosworth Field in A.D. 1485.
Vernacular
The language of everyday speech , not of scholars, in a country or region.

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