ENVH TEST 1
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- What are some issues with hydroelectric?
- dams impact on enviro, displace people,end species
- What is the current major use of coal?
- to generate electricity
- How does a population remain constant?
- 2 people must repoduce themselves (birthrate=deathrate)
- What are some early sources of energy ? And what type of sources are they?
- human, animal,wood,wind,water are all renewable sources of energy
- What is the current major use of oil?
- in trasportation.
- What are some functions of and ecosystem?
- production, respiration,H2O cycle, decomposition
- What are some reasons for distribution patterns?
- social/genetic predisposition, resource dist., lifecycles
- What are the types of energy used by humans?
- nonrenewable,renewable, nuclear
- T/F the future use of coal is assured?
- False
- What are some issues with renewable energy?
- cost and some environmental issues
- What are the 3 basic theories of moral environmental responsibility? Compare.
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Anthropocentric:
Biocentric:
Ecocentric:
all support envionmental responsibility but in different ways. - What is the carrying capacity?
- the number of individuals of a species that can survive(and repro)in an area over time
- What are the types of ecosystems? What are they based on?
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terrestrial: temperature & water amount
aquatic: salinity & flow - The US has what percent of the coal?
- 25%
- Is environmental science a science?
- Yes
- Define anthropocentric.
- responsibility derived from human interests alone
- What is the current major use of natural gas?
- Heating homes
- Define biocentrism.
- Belief that all life/ species have right to live and reproduce
- Name some other types of rennewable energy.
- Solar,but$$$,geothermal
- List 10 examples of ecosysytems:
- Desert, grassland,tundra,permanent ice,coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest,savanna, marine, freshwater
- Explain Law of the Minimum.
- some signifigant factor controlls what population is (algae-nutrients, bears-food)
- What 4 factors set a carrying capacity?
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1 avail. of raw materials
2 avail nrg
3 accum & disp. of wastes
4 interaction'tween organisms - What is primary succesion?
- occurs in an area where there was no community, primary succession ends when a climax ecosystem is established.
- What is a renewable energy? Give examples.
- Wood, hydro, solar,wind, geothermal
- What is nonrenewable energy? Give examples.
- energy with a finite amount, coal,oil,natural gas
- Compare K and R reproductive strategies.
- both are succesfull strats, K has a long life,r a short;K low# off,r high #'K lots of parent care,r none'K big org.,r small; CC:K reached and mantianed, r almost never reached factors that affect KNRG(densitydepen),r (densityindep) stocastic events such as temp
- what are the types of energy?
- kinetic, potential, heat, chemical, light, electrical
- Define energy.
- the ability to work and transfer matter
- What are some issues with oil?
- the extraction, oil spills, combustion of it(pollution)
- Name a major step in primary succession.
- Soil building
- What are the laws of thermodynamics
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1Conservation of Energy 2Tendency toward Equilibrium
3Absolute Zero
- What is mortality?
- The number of indiv. lost fromthe pop. through death
- what is a population?
- a group of individuals of the same species inhabiting the area
- Environmental science is interdisciplinary. What are some examples of this?
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Economics, politics, biology, earth scince, philosophy agriculture, chemistry
Salmon decline:hatcheries, habitat, hydropower, harvest - Is the future of natural gas assured?
- yes
- In the begining what supplied energy?
- plants and animals
- Define ecocentrism.
- belief that the environment is itself a moral entity with worth and rights
- What are thethoughts of moral environmental use?
- Development, preservation, conservation
- Do all species have the same sex ratio?
- No
- Why has there been an increase in human population recently?
- it is due to the increased availability of energy
- What are some issues with natural gas?
- it is very flammable, turns to (O2) and H2O
- What is the development ethic?
- Humans are master of the universe; enviro here for us to use (how does this serve people if everything is gone?)
- What is the preservation ethic?
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Nature itself is good and has intrinsic value
Need to preserve at all costs, all of nature (what do we keep and who decided?) - Who constantly alters the process of succesion?
- Man
- Who are the three top oil reserves?
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1 Saudi Arabia
2 iraq
3.united arab emirates - T/F non renewable sources of energy are formed by natural processes
- True
- What percent of our energy today comes from renewable resources?
- 10%; 90% are non renewable
- What are some later forms of energy?
- Oil, coal, natural gas,
- What for of energy helped the industrial revolution?
- Coal
- What is the conservation ethic?
- Recognizes the benefits and costs of environmental use. we need it to live sustainably)
- What are some issued with coal?
- ecosystems are disrupted by toxic waste, health issues (black lung), transportation pollution
- Contrast ethics and morals.
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Ethics: define fundamental truth (right wrong)
Morals: define how people feel about ethics - Compare high vs low diversity: Give examples of each type:
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genetic diversity means survival, both are important
High:rainforest
Low - Who has the most natural gad researves?
- former USSR, Iran
- WHy is it an issue that natural processes occur slower.
- We will run out at our current rate of use.
- Define matter.
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Something that has mass and exists as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.
- What is natality?
- the number of individuals added to the pop. through reproduction
- Describe the four basic types of survivorship curves.
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1.Humans,whales: constant until post repro where survial drops sharp
2.sea gulls: constant whole life
3.deer: high mort while young constant at repro and drops at post repro
4.mice:high early mortality then evens through repro and post repro - Define density.
- the number of individuals per unit area
- Name the distribution patterns and thier occurance.
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random: rare
even:rare
clumped:common - Draw a clumped pattern. Why does it occur and in what?
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resources uneven dist. located near resources. humans xx xx xxxxx
xxxx xxxxxx
x xxxxx - Draw the standard population growth curve.
- draw:
- What is secondary succesion? Give example:
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occurs after the partial or complete destruction of a community. The damaged community is replaced by another or by a series of other communities.
Beaver pond: beavers build dam flood and kill trees upstream, once abandoned trees slowly grow back - What is biodiversity?
- The number of different typesof organisms.
- Is biodiversity good or bad?
- It can be both.
- What sre some beneficial uses od an ecosystem?
- food,water,O2, waste removal and soil building
- Define ecosystem:
- a specific biological community and its physical environment interacting to exchange matter and energy
- Draw a random pattern.
- random:xx x xxx x xxxxxx x xx xxx x
- What is environmental science?
- The study of the land, air, water, and living environments and the effects of technology theron.
- Name two some other ethics than devlopment, preservation and conservation.
- corporate and environmental justice
- Draw an even pattern. Why does it occur and what are some affects.
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homog resources, often adverse reactions;bears lions
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx