History 8: Rivals: Sparta
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- How were Spartan women brought up?
- To be as healthy and strong as possible. Female infants received as much food as their brothers.
- How long did the Spartans stay in control?
- about 250 years.
- What did Spartans think of city walls?
- A city defended by Spartan soldiers did not need walls.
- What were the two leading city-states in Greece?
- Sparta & Athens
- What did Spartan women want to be?
- mothers of soldiers
- What did government officials do with infants?
- They checked to see if they were healthy, if not they were left on the hillside to die.
- What was the life of a Spartan man like?
- At 20, they became soldiers and sent to frontier areas. At 30, they married. they spent their days in military drill until 60, when they could retire from the army.
- Who were the perioikoi?
- A group of free individuals who were artists and merchants from the conquered territories. They worked for the Spartans.
- Where was Sparta located?
- In the Peloponnesus, a peninsula of southern Greece.
- What was the Assembly?
- A government body, made up of male citizens over 30, it passed laws & made decisions concerning war & peace.
- Where Spartan women allowed to take part in government?
- NO
- What was its economy based on?
- Agriculture.
- Did Sparta lag far behind other city-states?
- Yes, because they didn't like change. So, they were behind in economic development -used iron bars instead of coins (wanted to discourage trade, be self-reliant). They were not interested in philosophy, science & the arts..
- What did life in Sparta revolve around?
- the army.
- Did the citizens of Sparta and Athens participate in polis government?
- Yes
- At first who ruled Sparta?
- 2 kings, who lead the army & religious services - but had little power.
- How were the Spartans exceptional?
- As Olympic athletes and as soldiers in defending Greece against invaders.
- How did Spartan girls train?
- in gymnastics, wrestling & boxing.
- How were Sparta and Athens different?
- They differed in their values, cultures & accomplishments.
- When did Spartan women marry?
- When they were 19 - instead of 14 - because their children would be healthier.
- What was the life of a Spartan boy like?
- At 7, they left home for the military barracks. Trained to read, write and use weapons.
- What was the Council of Elders?
- 28 men over 60 who proposed laws to the Assembly & served as the supreme court.
- In the polis of Sparta, what were slaves called?
- Helots. They farmed the estates of individual Spartans.
- Who founded Sparta?
- The descendants of the Dorian invaders of the "dark age".
- What did the helots do about 650 BC?
- They revolted against the Spartan masters. Spartans won after 30 years and established a military society.
- Who were the ephors?
- 5 overseers elected by the Assembly every year to administer public affairs & veto legislation.
- Did Spartan women have more personal freedoms than women in other city-states?
- Yes, they could go shopping in the marketplace, attend dinners with non-family members, own property, express opinions on public issues.
- What did Spartan men want to be?
- first rate soldiers.
- Did the helots and perioikoi out number the Spartans?
- Yes, by about 200,000 to 10,000.
- Who set up Sparta's government?
- a lawmaker named Lycurgus in the 800s BC.
- What did the Spartans do INSTEAD of founding overseas colonies?
- They invaded neighboring city-states & enslaved local people.