World Civilizations Extra Credit
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- Moche
- 1st Millenium, Northern Peru, in the Moche River Valley was a civilization known for the large Pyramid of the Moon, their advanced artisanship, and their sophisticated irrigation system.
- Olmec
- First appeared in first millenium B.C.E. along the Gulf of Mexico. They were remembered for their intensive africulture and carving of stone ornaments and monuments. The Olmec people organized a trading network that helped spread their religious rituals and their writing system.
- Copan
- In the Yucatan Peninsula c. 1st millenium. Another important Mayan city-state that contained powerful leaders such as "18 Rabbit" who ordered construction on his palace with 30,000 workers performing days of labor.
- Yucatan
- the peninsula where the Olmecs originally settled.The area was used to grow Cacao trees and eventually became overpopulated and the farmers started using swamp-agriculture.
- Hopewell
- A culture in Ohio that ranged from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico to acquire and trade items to support their urban centers. Collapsed c. 13th century.
- Anasazi
- 1st Millenium, located around the Four Corners. The Anasazi established a system of roads that facilitated trade routes all over the country. By the 9th century they perfected their irrigation systems.
- Teotihuacan
- About 30 miles away from Mexico City, collapsed around 800. Teotihuacan was the first major metropolis and was known for the gargantuan Pyramid of the Sun. They had a large market where goods from foreign places and from the region were sold and traded.
- Cahokia
- Collapsed c. 13th century. Cahokia was the capital of the surrounding territory and held the largest population in North America. Cahokia was known for their trade routes and their connections with other civilizations.
- Maya
- 1st millenium C.E. had many small city-states that competed for land and provisions. The Mayan civilization had a full social ladder and contained a polytheistic religion. Every city revolved around a pyramid in the honor of a god or goddess.
- Chavin
- An early civilization in the Andes Mountains that originated around 2500 B.C.E. They are known for their modern city of Chavin de Huantar. It contained a legendary temple that included underground canals, galleries, and a stone-block ceiling
- Tikal
- In the Yucatan Peninsula, c. 1st millenium. One of the most important Mayan city-states which contained 100,000 inhabitants.