History 2nd 9 weeks
history
Terms
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- serf
- in medieval Europe, peasant bound to the lord's land
- journeyman
- salaried worker who was employed by a guild master
- slash-and-burn agriculture
- farming method in which forest and brush are cut down and burned to create planting fields
- apprentice
- young person learning a trade from a master
- czar
- title of the ruler of the Russian empire
- patrician
- number of the landholding upper class in ancient Rome
- heresy
- religious belief that is contrary to the official teachings of a church
- samurai
- member of the warrior class in Japanese feudal society
- epic
- long, narrative poem
- simony
- selling of Church offices
- secular
- having to do with worldly, rather than religious, matters
- desertification
- process by which fertile or semi desert land becomes desert
- Republic
- system of government in which officials are chosen by the people
- vassal
- in Medieval Europe, a lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater
- tsunami
- very large, damaging wave caused by an earthquake or very strong wind
- legion
- basic unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 soldiers
- mercenary
- soldier serving in a foreign army for pay
- messiah
- savior sent by God
- dictator
- ruler who has complete control over a government; in ancient Rome, a leader appointed to rule for six months in times of emergency
- crusade
- holy war
- fief
- in middle ages, an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty
- pope
- head of the Roman Catholic Church
- medieval
- referring to the middle Ages in Europe or the period of history in between ancient and modern times
- mosque
- Muslim house of worship
- longbow
- six-foot-long bow that could rapidly fire arrows with enough force to pierce most armor
- schism
- permanent division in a church
- epidemic
- outbreak of a rapidly spreading disease
- icon
- holy image of Christ, the Virgin Mary, or a saint venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church
- vernacular
- everyday language of ordinary people
- aqueduct
- in ancient Rome, bridge-like stone structure that carried water from the hills into the cities
- archipelago
- chain of islands
- knight
- noble in Europe who served as a mounted warrior for a lord in the Middle Ages
- consul
- in ancient Rome, official from the patrician class who supervised the government and commanded the armies
- caste
- in traditional Indian society, unchangeable social group into which a person is born
- guild
- in the Middle Ages, association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests
- canon law
- body of laws of a church
- chivalry
- code of conduct for knights during Middle Ages
- mosaic
- picture made from chips of colored stone or glass
- flying buttresses
- stone support on the outside of a building that allowed builders to construct higher walls and leave space for large stained-glass windows
- usurp
- illegally take over a throne
- sacrament
- sacred ritual of the Roman Catholic Church
- manor
- during the Middle Ages in Europe, a lord's estate, which included one or more villages and the surrounding lands
- usury
- practice of lending money with interest
- jury
- group of people sworn to make a decision in a legal case
- steppe
- sparse, dry grassland
- jihad
- in Islam, an effort in God's service
- excommunication
- exclusion from the Roman Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey Church laws
- common law
- system of law that is the same for all people, based on court decisions that have become accepted legal principles
- shogun
- in Japanese feudal society, supreme military commander who held more power than the emperor
- feudalism
- loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord
- minaret
- slender tower of a mosque, from which Muslims are called to prayer