ILRCB 100 Prelim
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Lowell Offering
- a publication of the Improvement Circle, whose writers and editors were Lowell factory girls
- master
- an artisan who owned his means of production and hired journeymen and taught/housed apprentices
- mercantilism
-
economic system popular in 17th century Europe based in the belief in a worldwide finite amount of wealth
1-country must be self-sufficient
2-export > import
3-colonies have untapped wealth that must be claimed - indentured servitude
- contractual agreement by which a laborer is provided overseas transportation/forgiven for debts by committing him/herself to a long period of guarenteed labor; master must provide room and board based on indenture (ie, contract)
- family labor
- children provide the source of labor in this system; hire other people's kids; hired out your own extra kids; parents had authority over decisionmaking regarding child exporting
- "help"
- Puritan term to describe "hired hands" (men) and "servants" (women in the home)
- task orientation
- in the artisan household, apprentices and journeymen worked until they had completed their obligations for the day; there were no set hours of work
- artisan production
- urban phenomenom based on widely available labor; specific skills/training that exceeded farming ability on the homefront; handicraft system using tools and human power only
- gang system
- type of slave labor characterized by large numbers of slaves performing the same repetitive task while being closely monitored; had to meet expectation of work; stereotyptical slave image in the cotton fields
- fictive kin
- the creation of family members in the surrounding slave community to compensate for possible familial separation; all older men and women referred to as "uncle" and "auntie"
- manufactory
- work formerly completed in the home or workshop moves under one roof; still handicraft industry
- Fall River or Rhode Island system
- Slater-style mills, with <200 employees and entire families hired for MULE spinning
- Waltham or Lowell system
- intergrated RING spinning mills with 1000-1200 mostly female employees who are daughters of farmers who no longer need to spin at home, so they work at these mills and live in boarding houses
- industrial time discipline
- employers reserved the right to determine the length of the workday; hours based on factory clock and bell before clocks were in the home
- Westward Expansion
- movement into the Oregon country and Mexican territory for independentn economic success and expansion of markets
- Overland Trail
- Midwest to West Coast from Independence MO across the Great Plains in wagon trains; other than gold rushers, mostly families with kinship ties travelled west together
- "free men"
- plank in the Republican Party platform referring to the abolition of slavery
- Puritans
- this religious group left the persecution of the Church of England in hopes of creating a successful society based on their morals and practices; Massachusetts Bay Company and a charter for N. England
- Emancipation Proclamation
- Lincoln's 1863 declaration that all slaves held in rebellious states were free from bondage
- debt peonage
- freed slaves confined by their lack of skills and funds forced to enter tenant farming contracts with former owners; instead of rent, landlords collected farm products
- draft riots
-
result of the Draft Act 1863 which declared that men must
1) go get shot
2) send a substitute
3) pay $300
Gettysberg troops show up - producer ideology
-
4 components
1) "producing classes"
2) "wage slavery"
3) call for mutualistic society
4) dunuciation of competition - Knights of Labor
- created by Uriah Stevens as a Philly garment worker based on producer ideology; secretive and allowing all producers
- subsistence agriculture
- characteristic of Puritan colonial settlers, this consists of raising crops for the specific purpose of sustenance in the family unit
- overseer
- controlled laboring slaves in the absence of their owner
- self help
- 1840s affects both apprentices learn and feed the snootiness of Protestant
- bound labor
- most often slavery, when a worker is compelled to do whatever their owner demands, often without wages and for a long period of time
- redemptioners
- aka indentured servants
- mechanicks
- aka artisan craftsmen
- handicraft production
- artisan craftwork using tools and manpower for one person to create an entire good
- domestic manufacturing
- isolated settlements created everything needed for survival; starts outside the market system using bartering
- task system
- small groups of slaves with supervision had specific amounts of work to complete in a day or a week with personal time afterwards
- outwork sytsem
- aka "given out" where work from shops is sent to a domestic location to be completed, allowing women and children to earn money
- price lists
- union tool to secure wages
- nativism
- native supremacy movement, prevent suffrage or immigration of foreigners
- "old" immigrants
- German and Irish
- 10 hour movement
- effort to reduce the workday to a ten hour maximum, like in Massachusetts, through union efforts
- Mexican American War
- 1846-48 gives Texas to West Coast to the US for developing purposes
- "Free Labor, Free Soil"
- Republican platform, including abolition and the homestead act
- Dred Scott case
- Scott declared property and not a citizen capable of bringing suit for freedom and proves Missouri Compromise unconsitutional according to Taney
- central shop
- merchants provide raw materials and contract artisans to do specific jogs under supervision of shop keeper
- Reconstruction
- 1865-77 attempt to restructure the nation with effors like military occupation of the south, new state constitutions, and Freedmens Bureau, ends with economic depression and Hayes election
- slavery
- bound labor
- artisan household
- master, journeymen, apprentices, wife and family living and working together under assumption of mutual obligation
- National Labor Union
- 1866-1875 8 hour movement, introduce term "wage slavery," bring together industrial and craft
- Tom Scott
- president of Penn railroad, back room deal for Southern Democrat electoral votes welcoms Rutherford B. Hayes to office
- Rutherford B. Hayes
- withdraws troops from South upon election 1877, effectively ending Reconstruction
- Abraham Lincoln
- helps to rush south secession, civil war president, emacipation proclamation
- "Gum Sann"
- Gold Mountains, the dream that California was filled with wealth that one could just grab and be content for life
- degredation of the trade
- removal of high artisan status by introducing women, children, former slaves and immigrants into the craft labor force who could operate machines that produced cheap versions of goods