Anthropology Test
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- limited purpose money
- may be hard to use in many situations (like cowrie shells)
- potlach ceremony
- burn goods; renews economy
- preferred behavior
- several ways of behaving are acceptable. one is more highly regarded than the rest
- taboo
- practiced to assure supernatural powers will be kind; prohibited actions b/c of beliefs
- animism
- belief that animals, plants, trees, and other physical objects possess within them an unseen spirit, or soul, that gives them life
- !Kung Bushmen call Christmas
- praise the birth of white man's god-chief
- yap stone
- large stone wheels on pacific islands of yap that are symbols of great wealth because they are carried there from far away
- what do navajo value most?
- livestock
- charm
- fetish used to attract good spirits
- cultural relativism
- understand before judging
- large surplus society
- societies with advanced horticulture, agriculture, and herding
- reciprocity
- society with obligations to pay favors back
- services
- jobs people do for others
- lesson of No Pineapple At All
- don't request a gift; can't refuse giving the gift
- market economy
- everyone makes his livelihood by selling something to the market
- sasshi
- the anticipation of another's message through insightful guesswork
- typical behavior
- several ways of behaving are more or less acceptable. one is more common.
- alternative behavior
- several ways of behaving are acceptable. none is considered better than the others.
- soft goods
- less durable items
- religion
- a belief that tries to explain how the universe is ordered and where the place of humans is in that universe
- compulsory behavior
- the culture provides only one accepted way of doing things
- original definition of stereotype
- a process for making a plate of typed metal which can be used for reproducing identical copies
- shaman
- person in society in who's hands lies supernatural power
- restricted behavior
- certain ways of behaving are acceptable only for some members of society, but not for the society as a whole
- lesson of Not Enough Watermelon
- guests can't pay for any gifts
- supernatural
- all that lies beyond our ability to touch and grasp and completly understand
- subsistance society
- produce no surplus beyond a tiny amount
- amulet
- fetish used to ward off evil spirits
- enculturation
- the process of learning to live in one's culture
- modest surplus society
- exist where horticulture and agriculture are known
- lesson of Too Many Bananas
- trading wasn't considered buying; to refuse a gift shames the giver; regift what is given to you
- magic
- used to put a person in control of supernatural forces
- hard goods
- durable materials
- ancestor worship
- belief in the spirits of dead ancestors
- 6 suggestions are
- beware of stereotypes, see the common humanity in people, recognize a different scale of values, develop human empathy, discern interrelationships between language and culture, study cultures for their intrinsic worth
- cultural determinism
- the idea that a culture largely determines what a person can and cannot become
- current definition of stereotype
- shortcut in thinking and abbreviated guide to action
- kula ring
- trobriand islanders in south pacific trade necklaces and bracelets in a circle
- goods
- things humans use
- general purpose money
- can be used anytime (like dollars)
- dumb barter
- one group leaves goods, other group comes and takes them and leave their goods
- taarof
- indirect language used by Iranians; polite to be insincere
- gift exchange
- cultures trading surplus for needed with other cultures
- fetish
- magic words or objects used to seek to gain supernatural power