Biology Chapter 6 CRQ'S
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- 29. Why does the book say the history of humans in Hawaii is an important lesson? What is the moral to the story?
- We sometimes forget what use to be here before us. Moral:human species is growing rapidly. Hawaii like the earth has limited resources and space.
- 30. What advantage do humans have in competing with other species for space, energy and food?
- Industry & technology give humans a strong advantage in competing w/ other species for limited resources such as food, energy and space.
- 31. List 4 human activities that have caused changes in the ecosystem?
- Hunting7 gathering, agriculture, industry, and urban development.
- 32. What is the difference btw subsistence hunting and modern day hunting?
- Subsistence hunting-hunter-gatherers hunt to supply their diet w/ the meat of wild animals. Modern day-make little demands on the environment, use some form of technology (guns, snowmobiles, mfg tools.
- 33. Why was the spread of agriculture important in human history?
- Provided people w/ one of their most basic needs-dependable supply of food.
- 34. List pros and cons of domesticating animals.
- Pros-sheep, goats, cows, pigs, horses, dogs help supplied humans w/ milk meat hides wool companionship and energy to do work. Cons-goats, cows other herbivores changed grasslands. eroded soils & put large demands on water supplies
- 35. What happened in the 1800's to increase crop yields?
- Large-scale watering/ irrigation, new crop varieties & invention of farm machines for plowing, planting, harvesting helped farmers increase their yields. Advancements in science & technology.
- 36. What was the green revolution?
- Global effort increase food production, governments & scientists intro new, intensive farming practices that greatly increased yields of rice, wheat,& other crops.
- 37. In what ways do modern farming methods affect the biosphere more than historical practices did?
- Depleted energy & water. Monoculture allows a # of pest species that reproduce on a very large scale. Farmers have used potentially harmful chemicals. Fertilizers interfere w/ food webs & biogeochemical cycles.
- 38. List pors and cons of the green revolution.
- Pros-water, chemical fertilizers boost food yields & pesticides control unwanted species but chemicals are potentially harmful. Pro/Con human & animal replace w/ heavy equipment & machinery.
- 39. What is suburban sprawl?
- Spread of suburban communities across the American landscape.
- 40. Name three results of the industrial revolution.
- Industrial processes pollute air, H20, & soil. communities produce wastes & suburban sprawl consumes farmland & natural habitats.
- 41. What is the tragedy of the commons?
- Any resource that is opent to everyone will eventually be destroyed because everyone can use the resource, but no one is responsible for preserving it.
- 42. Natural resources can be classified as BLANK and BLANK. Describe the two and give ex.
- Renewable, nonrenewable. Renewable-can regenerate & are therfore replaceable but not unlimited ex. fresh H2O, tree. Nonrenewable-cannot be replenished by natural processes ex. fossil fuels, coal, oil & natural gas.
- 43. Describe overfishing, cause, & preventative methods
- fish stocks harvested faster than reproduce. Stressed the system causing fish pop. to collapse. limit the catch of fish pop. & close the fishing grounds temporarily, Aquaculture.
- 43.a. Describe overfishing, cause, & preventative methods
- fish stocks harvested faster than reproduce. Stressed the system causing fish pop. to collapse. limit the catch of fish pop. & close the fishing grounds temporarily, Aquaculture.
- 43.b. Describe deforestation, cause, preventative methods
- loss of forest. Logging, mature trees harvested to allow younger trees to grow. Plant new trees.
- 44. List 4 problems humans activites can cause on land.
- plowing causing soil erosions, overgrazing, deforestation & farming.
- 45. Where does waste build up come from?
- ?
- 46. What leads to soil erosion?
- Plowing the land, removes the roots which hold the soil in place.
- 47. How can an area of fertile soil become a sandy desert? What is this known as?
- Dry climate, overgrazing, farming & drought. Desertification.
- 48. Where does L.A. smog come from?
- Automobile exhausts & industrial emissions.
- 49. Define pollutant.
- A harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air, / water.
- 50. What pathways do the chemicals in atmospheric emissions take on their way to becoming acid rain.
- Burning of fossil fuels, release acidic gases containg nitrogen & sulfur compounds into the atmospher. These gases combine w/ H2O vapor in air, form drops of nitric & sulfuric acids. These stron acids drift for miles before they fall as acid rain.
- 51. Why is the Colorado River such a hot commodity?
- ?
- 52. Where does sewage come from and where does it go?
- Domestic sewage comes from sinks & toilets. Where does it go?
- 53. What are the factors that affect the quality of water?
- Protecting water supplies from pollution & managing the demands.
- 54. Why was the oil spill Exxon Valdez considered the worst in U.S. history?
- ?
- 55. What cuases global warming?
- Human activities have caused global warming by adding carbon dioxide & other green house gases such as methane to the atomsphere. Global atmospheric green house is retaining more heat.
- 56. Why would a few degrees change in average temperature be detrimental?
- If the temp. increases then it could melt the ice caps & seal levels could rise enough to cause flooding of low-lying coastal areas. Storms & other weather disturbances become more frequent. N. America experience serious droughts, during summer.
- 57. Where is the oznoe layer the thinnest?
- Southern Hemisphere Note: 1) Hole over Antarctica, 2) 2nd hole over Arctic.
- 58. What are CFC's? List ex. of CFC propellants.
- Chlorofluorocarbons. Aerosol cans, production of plastic foams, & coolants in refrigerators, freezers, & air conditioners.
- 59. Why is biodiversity of great value to humans?
- It provides us w/ food, industrial products, & medicines.
- 60. Most old growth forests have been cleared. How does this affect living organisms?
- When old growth forests are cut down the variety of species in the forests are lost.
- 61. What is habitat fragmentation?
- The development that often splits ecosystems into pieces.
- 62. List 2 ex. of invasive species in the U.S. and the resulting change in the ecosystem.
- 1) Zebra mussels-reproduce so quickly that they cause major ecological changes & driving several native speices to extinction 2) leafy spurge-infests mill. of hectares of grasslands acroos Northern great plains, where it displaces native plants.
- 64. Why was DDT banned from the U.S.?
- The widespread spraying of DDT over many yrs had threatened pop. of many animals w/ extinction.
- 65. According to Figure 6-16 what number is the concentration of DDT multiplied at each successsive trophic level?
- ten times the level before.
- 66. What is the difference btw extinct and endagered?
- Extinct-term used to refer to a species that has died out. Endangered-species whose pop. size is rapidly decling & will become extinct if the trend continues.
- 67. What is CITES? What does it enforce?
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Convention on Internation Trade in Endangered Species.
Bans international trade in products derived from an agreed-upon list of endangered species. - 68. The world's first national park is BLANK.
- Yellowstone Park
- 69. What is the Lacey ACt?
- Transporting illegally killed animals across state borders becomes a federal crime.
- 70. Discuss two important things that occurred btw the years 1933 and 2000.
- 1) Endangered species preservation act-allows for identification of a research on endangered species(1966). 2) National Marine Sanctuaries Act-secretary of commerce is empowered to designate marine ecosystems as preservation or conservation areas(1972)