AP Human Geography: Chapter 9 Key Terms
Terms
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- Agriculture theory
- theory suggests the spread of Proto-Indo-European language occurred because of agricultural innovation
- Amerind
- the oldest, largest, and most widely distributed family (superfamily), which is spread from the shores of Hudson Bay to the coast of Tierra del Fuego
- Austronesian
- an ancestral language gave rise to the Austro-Tai family of languages, and out of this family arose Austronesian
- Conquest theory
- the Proto-Indo-European homeland source lay somewhere north of the Black Sea; it is believed these peoples spread westward, overpowered inhabitants and began the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues
- Deep reconstruction
- if it is possible to deduce a large part of the vocabulary of an extinct language, it may be feasible to go even further and re-create the language that preceded it
- Eskimo-Aleut
- family of languages, who are still concentrated along Artic and near-Artic shores
- Fijian
- a discrete Malayo-Polynesian offshoot
- Language convergence
- language convergence is a type of contact-induced change whereby languages of equal social prestige with many bilingual speakers mutually borrow morphological and syntactic features, making their typology more similar
- Language divergence
- differentiation over time and space
- Language replacement
- languages of traditional, numerically smaller, and technologically less advanced peoples have been replaced, or greatly modified, by the languages of invaders
- Malayo-Polynesian
- when Austronesian speakers managed to reach the Philippines, the movement resulted in the division of Austronesian into two dialects that later developed into major subfamilies, one of these, Malayo-Polynesian
- Na-Dene
- the second oldest, second largest, but much less widely diffused family
- Nostratic
- the core of a pre-Proto-Indo-European language
- Polynesian
- another derivative of the branch
- (Proto) Indo-European language
- the predecessor of Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, among other ancient languages
- Sound shifts
- the diversification of languages has long been charted through the analysis of sound shifts