AP Human Geography- Unit 3, Part 3
Terms
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- language convergence
- languages form together into one
- official language
- a governmentally designated language of instruction and other official public and private communication
- isoglosses
- the limits of areal extent of particular words
- monoglot
- knowing only one language
- language replacement
- Replacing a language
- polyglot
- a person who speaks more than one language
- reverse reconstruction
- where you trace a language back into time, seeing how it diffused through space and time
- ideograms
- pictures that symbolize ideas
- linguistic refugee area
- An area protected by isolation or inhospitable enviornmental conditions in which a language or dialect has survived
- lingua franca
- a common language used by speakers of different languages
- toponym
- the name by which a geographical place is known
- isolated language
- A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family.
- agriculture theory
- with increased food supply and increased population, speakers from the hearth of Indo-European languages migrated into Europe
- multilingual states
- a state that uses many languages
- language divergence
- new languages are formed when a language breaks into dialects
- dialect
- the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people
- pidgin language
- A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.
- language
- a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols
- language branch
- A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousands of years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language familes
- creole
- a mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages
- generic toponym
- a common name
- standard language
- a language substantially uniform with respect to spelling, grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary and representing the approved community norm of the tongue
- conquest theory
- the theory that early Proto-Indo-European speakers spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tounges
- monolingual states
- countries in which only one language is spoken
- language family
- large groups of languages having similar roots
- shatter belt
- an area of instability between regions with opposing political and cultural values
- renfrew hypothesis
- three areas in and near the first agricultural hearth, gave rise to three language families: Indo-European, Arabic Languages, and mid-eastern languages