chapter 23
Terms
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- Alexander 1
- Russian czar, eased censorship and promoted education but feared losing nobles
- bloody sunday
- gapon organized march, brought petition for justice, massacre, people loss faith in czar
- Risorgimento
- Italian nationalist mvmt, beginning of unification in Sardinia
- people's will
- revolutionary group who assassinated alexander 1
- Kulturkampf
- battle for civilization
- realpolitik
- realistic politics based on the heads of state , power > principle
- russification
- program aimed at suppressing all Non-Russian cultures in europe, insisted 1 language and 1 russian orthodox church, targeted jews
- (otto von) bismark
- junker, chancellor to King William 1, united German states under Prussian rules within 1 decade
- Nicolas 1
- suppressed Decembrists, banned books, hated liberals, 3 pillars of absolutism
- zemstvos
- elected assemblies responsible for road repair, schools, and agriculture
- zollverein
- economic union that dismantled tariff barriers b/w German states (prussia)
- (count camillo) cavour
- emmanual's prime minister, defeated Austria in Crimean War and annexed Lombardy
- January 1871
- ended French domination of Europe, Germany new empire, took France's spot
- Young Italy
- secret society to unify Italy, inspired others
- (Giuseppe) Garibaldi
- ally of Mazzini, "red shirts", win control of Sicily and Naples, give to Victor Emmanual
- (Kaiser) William 2
- grandson, asked Bismark to resign, divine right,resisted democracy, expansion overseas
- Victor Emmanuel 2
- constitutional monarch, 1st king of italy
- ems dispatch
- telegram from Prussia to King William 1, started Franco - Prussian war, made France declare it
- William 1
- kaiser of Prussia (1st), chancellor = bismark, birthed 2nd reich
- decembrist revolt
- uprising by group of army officials, demanded constitution
- (Giuseppe) Mazzini
- nationalist leader, founded young italy, helped set up revolutionary republic, inspired others