Bio Exam 2, 3, and 4

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The majority of crustaceans live in: Marin habitats
A situation in which the birth rate plus immigration equals the death rate plus emigration is called: zero population growth
Which of the following is NOT true of parasites?: They inflect serious injury and quickly kill their hosts
Which annelid structure resembles the ancestral structure from which the vertebrate kidney evolved?: Trachea
A(n) ___ provides support and protection to arthropods.: Shell
Which of the following is true of phloem?: Connects leaves to roots & Transports plant-manufactured organic products ( Both B and D)
The GGC gene: Codes for an enzyme that produces a toxin
____ are a source of soft limestone formations of chalk.: Coccolithophores
The flagellate spores found in chytrids and microspordians indicate that: their fungal ancestors lived in aquatic environments
The first phylum min which ALL members have a complete digestive system was: Nematoda
Four of the five animals below are in the same phyla. Select the exception.: Salamanders
Nitrogen fixation is a process that: converts nitrogen gas into ammonia, which photosynthetic organisms can use
Biological magnification refers to the _______: accumulation of toxic pollutants in animals
Land available for agriculture is decreasing, primarily due to: salinization from irrigation
microspore: spore type that produces pollen
A(n) ______ species is a dominant species that control community structure.: Keystone
What type of organisms make up the "red tide"?: dinoflagellates
If the population's doubling time is 40 years, then the annual growth rate (as calculated by the rule of 70) is: 1.75%
____ can be said to be near the boundary between nonliving and living, while _____are just inside it: Viruses; prokaryotes(bacteria)
Most of the people in the world today live: in developing countries and near the coast (Both B and C)
Which of the following statements describes the value of fungi in the environment?: Fungi release elements from organic matter
Which of the following is true regarding Trichomonas vaginalis?: It is a parasite, It attaches to the epithelial linning of the reproductive tract, It is a flagellated parabasalid, Untreated infections damage the urinary and reproductive tracts
The organisms that are most vulnerable to the effects of DDT are: top carnivores
In a oak forest of the American northeast, one example of the habitat component of the ecosystem would be: sunlight that filters through the tree canopy
Genetic variation in the ciliate Paramecium is the result of: haploid micronuclei are exchanged during conjugation
Mycorrhizae are: fungus and tree root mutualistic associations
The element released from sewage that is most likely to result in oxygen depletion from an aquatic ecosystem is: sulfur
The animal phylum that contains the greatest number of known species is: Chordate
Rotifers possess: Cilia
All animals are classified as: None of the above
A flattened terrestrial arthropod predator with venom and usually one pair of lets per segment is a: Millipede
Which of the following are heterotrophs: primary carnivores, herbivores, carnivores, detritivores, decomposers
The triploid tissue that results from double fertilization becomes the: endosperm.
Bilateral symmetry means an animal has: A front and a back, with a leading and a trailing end
megaspore: spore type that develops inside ovules
Seed ferns: early dominant seed-bearing plants that were replaced by gymnosperms
The currents of water (containing food) that pass through a sponge are created by: Collar cells, resembling choanoflagellates
Rusts and smuts are: plant pathogens
Unlike prokaryotes, protest cells: divide by mitosis and/or meiosis
The _____ include Welwitschia in hot African deserts and Gnetum of humid tropical regions: C
The majority of ciliates, sporozoans, and flagellated protozoans are characterized as: heterotrophic & unicellular (both C and D)
___ are the most numerous animals in aquatic habitats; eaten by other invertebrates, fishes, and whales.: Lobsters
The first group to exhibit an amniotic egg belonged to the: Amphibians
The position of the foramen magnum at the base of the skull enables researchers to determine if a primate: Stands upright
The number of individuals in a population that can be sustained indefinitely in an environment is known as: carrying capacity
The most successful class within the most biologically successful phylum is of the: Trilobite
Calcium carbonate remains of the protozoans _____ and ______ are incorporated into impressive deposits of limestone.: Foraminiferans; coccolithophores
The initial, rapid expansion of angiosperms late in the Mesozoic is related to their coevolution with: insects
Which of the following statements concerning mosses is false?: Mosses have independent sporophytes
Fingers that can touch the thumb are: Opposable
Worms with a well-developed, closed circulatory system (including five pairs of hearts) are:: Rotifers
What are the unique devices used by insects for respiration?: Tracheas
An excess of which of the following elements in aquatic systems likely accounts for massive algal blooms?: Phosphorus
Internal bony jaws of vertebrates are believed to have been produced through the evolutionary modification of: Anterior gill support bars
The gastrodermis is: Part of the mesoglea
Which of the following countries has established the most extensive and rigidly enforced family-planning program: China
The principal difference between a saprophytic and parasitic mode of nutrition is: determined by the source of the nutrients
Mollusks DO NOT include: Nudibranchs
Amphibians require either standing water or at least a moist habitat for: Movement
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and human variant (vCJD, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) are likely caused by: prions
The ultimate source of all energy in a terrestrial ecosystem is: sunlight
Imperfect fungi are those that lack (or do not show): sexual reproduction
On the evolutionary tree, the first phylum with organs was: Nematoda
The total fertility rate (TFR): is the average number of children born to a woman in a population, has dropped substantially since 1950, of 2.1 is considered replacement level
The human population is currently following a J-shaped curve. This means that the population is growing: exponentially
Which of the following is a body cavity that contains a lining that encloses organs, protecting and holding them in place?: The gastrodermis
Most of the energy within an ecosystem is lost: as a result of metabolism
The most numerous subclass of bony fishes are the: Coelacanths
In fishes ancestral to land vertebrates, pouches in the gut wall developed into: The notochord
The amniotic egg, also called the land egg, refers to the presence of: A membrane surrounding the embryo
Four of the five organisms listed below follow a type II survivorship curve. Select the exception: elephants
Sharks and rays also differ from most other fish in that they lack: Lungs
Trichoplax: Belongs to the Porifera
A cohort is: a group of individuals of species of the same age.
Key specializations that occurred in the evolution of mammals include: All of these
The first known primates were characterized as: Arboreal
Which of the following classes/phyla is NOT a protostome group?: Mollusks
Cellular slime molds can be distinguished from plasmodial slim molds on the basis of: nuclei per cell in the aggregated form
The interaction between two species in which both species may be harmed is known as: competition
The photosynthetic protists that are thought to have given rise to the plants are: Green algae
Plants became erect, taller, and branched as a result of their ability to produce: lignin
56. Which were the first organisms that did not require water for reproduction?: Cycads
Amphibians most likely evolved from: Placoderms
The resemblance of Lithops, a desert plant, to a small rock is an example of: camouflage
About half of the United States population obtains drinking water from: groundwater
What membrane structure provides nourishment for developing mammalian embryos until the placenta forms?: Albumin
The amount of energy moved through a detrital food web is ____ that of a grazing web.: About twice as much as
What group dominated the Carboniferous period and is now burned as coal?: Seedless vascular plants
Reptiles regulate their body temperature: By having a thick layer of fat around most internal organs
The structure that people typically refer to as a "mushroom" is in reality the: basidiocarp
The gymnosperm whose extract has been used for weight loss is: Ephedra
Sponge gemmules: Capture food
This fungal group includes species which cause: black bread mold
Nutrients and energy move differently through the ecosystem in that _____.: Nutrients can be recycled, but energy moves in one direction through the ecosystem.
Amniotes differ from earlier vertebrates by: Their three-chambered heart
Green algae and advanced land plants are similar in all EXCEPT which of the following characteristics?: Haploid dominant life cycles
The interactive between two species in which one species benefits and the other species is harmed is: predation
Which feature is shared by freshwater euglenoids and paramecia?: Contractile vacuoles
The main method of asexual reproduction in yeasts is: budding
An example of primary succession would be: establishment of coral reef on new lava flow into ocean
A water-vascular system is characteristic of the phylum: Arthropoda
The ______ are the most ancient lineage of protests.: Parabasalids and diplomonads
The pyramid of energy illustrates: the diminishing of usable energy as it is transferred through an ecosystem
Holdfasts, gas-filled floats, and a thick, leathery surface are found in species of: brown algae
Which of the following statements concerning the placenta is incorrect?: It is entirely a maternal structure
Which bryophyte was used for bandages during World War I: peat moss
Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of: Sponges
The structure labeled "A" in the figure above is a(an): basidium
Ecosystems obtain essential raw materials from: the components of water molecules, mineral ions dissolved in water, the weathering of rocks, the atmosphere
The sport type that produces pollen is the: microspore
About 40,000 years ago, what kind of evolution replaced biological evolution in the shaping of modern humans?: culture
A high metabolic rate is necessary in order for birds and mammals to regulate: Locomotion
Which of the following invertebrates is most closely related to the vertebrates?: Mollusks
Which of the following phyla is characterized by radially symmetrical members?: Chordata
In a natural community, which of the following are found on ALL consumer trophic levels?: Decomposers
In which of the following habitats does carbon remain free for the shortest time?: Tropical forests
The major difference between plants and fungi is that fungi: have a heterotrophic form of nutrition
Chronic clogging of the lymphatic system by ___ results in a condition called elephantiasis.: Cnidarians
A digestive tract is complete if it: Is surrounded by muscle
The most biologically diverse habitat on Earth is: the tropical rain forest
20. Red algae can live in deeper water because of their: dark red and blue pigments
Amphibian adaptation to land include: More efficient circulatory system
If a population is growing at a rate of 5.0%, then the approximate doubling time (as calculated by the rule of 70) is: 14 years
pollination: arrival of pollen grains on female reproductive structure
A J-shaped growth curve is converted to an S-shaped one: when the limits imposed by carry capacity is reached
Type II survivorship curves: indicate a fairly constant rate of death at all ages
The body of a fungus is generally composed of: Mycelia
Which of the following organisms exhibits cephalization?: Sea anemone
Which disease is not caused by virus?: Cholera
The greatest concentration of nitrogen on Earth is found in: the atmosphere
The term "eutrophic" means "full of _____".: Nutrients
Which of the following results if reproduction occurs early in the life cycle?: Population growth rate increases
The tetse fly transmits the trypanosome that causes _____>: African sleeping sickness
Which of the following is NOT one of the trends of vertebrate evolution?: Nerve cord expanded into brain
Ostracoderms lost out in evolutionary competition to animals: With an exoskeleton
Four of the five organisms listed below do not have vascular tissue. Select the exception: ferns
Adaptations which aid birds in flight include: Enlarged sternum for muscle attachment
Four of the five factors listed below are density-independent factors. Select the exception: nutrient supply
Which of the following are NOT dependent on the others as a source of food?: Producers
Rotifers are about the same size as which of the following?: Nematodes
Which of the following worms is NOT related to the other four?: Pinworms
During the life of a tunicate, the notochord: Develops during adulthood
Which of the following represents the earliest stage in primary succession?: Moss and lichens on bare rock
Which of the following groups does NOT have either epithelial or connective tissues?: Flatworms
What is the first phylum to have an organ specifically for respiration (gills)?: Annelida
Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?: Water and carbon dioxide
ovule: female reproductive parts that become the seed
Trichoplax is classified as a: Sponge
The interaction in which one species benefits and the second species is neither harmed nor benefited is: commensalisms
Four of the five plants listed below are heterosporous. Select the exception: ferns
Flatworms are believed to have evolved from: Sponges
Euglenoids: that are green have a unique eyespot that shields their light receptor
The most diverse and successful group of vertebrates includes: Birds
Which of the following is NOT a chelicerate?: Mosquito
As the baby boomers generation enters retirement (Beginning in 2010): the US government will have to provide increased subsidized medical care and other social programs, the cohort will require social services for a longer period of time than any other cohort so far, the cash contributions made by baby boomers to Social Security will be less than their requirements, there will be fewer workers contributing to Social Security to support the Boomers
The ability of some animals to eat plants that contain toxic compounds may be an example of: coevolution
Social parasites: complete their life cycle using behavior of another species
Angiosperms are more advanced than gymnosperms because gymnosperms lack which structure found in angiosperms?: Flowers
Which of the following weather conditions would you expect to have the greatest POSITIVE impact on sexual reproduction of ferns and mosses?: Continuing wet and rainy conditions
Increasingly complex land plants developed as the _____, more resistant to cooler, drier, to unfavorable conditions, became dominant.: Sporophyte
Nematocysts are: The opening into the digestive cavity
The term for free-floating or weakly swimming, microscopic members of Kingdom Protista is: plankton
The abundant stramenophiles that are most efficient at fixing carbon dioxide, and play a major role in global cycling of carbon are: diatoms
Which of the following sequences correctly represents vertebrate evolution?: Birds/reptiles/amphibians/fish/mammals
Sources of a thickening, emulsifying agent found in ice cream, salad dressing, beer, toothpaste, cough syrup, and floor polish are the: brown algae
Chimeras and rays differ from the majority of fish in that they lack: Paired appendages
Typically, viruses include ______ around their nucleic acid: a protein coat
A fungal cell that contains two separate haploid nuclei is known as a: dikaryon (dikaryotic)
The organisms that represent the different species within an ecosystem that interact in various ways comprise the: community
A disease caused in the US by drinking contaminated water from mountain streams is: Giardiasis
The sexual life cycles are known for how many major groups of fungi?: Three
Four of the five organisms listed below are protists that form pseudopods. Select the exception.: Diatoms
Bryophytes are different from other land plants in that: they do not have roots and stems
Chordate embryos display all but which of the following unique features?: Dorsal tubular nerve cords
What is the notochord used for?: As a respiratory structure
Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer?: Cow
A consumer on the fourth trophic level eats: primary carnivores
The club fungi are members of which of the following?: Basidiomycota
Most freshwater algae belong to which phylum?: Chlorophytes
Gauses's experiments with Paramecium growing in test tubes demonstrated that: organisms with very similar feeding habits may compete to the point of extinction
The term "Arthropod" means: Fleshy foot
Gametophytes are: haploid plants that produce gametes
The class of mollusks that includes snails, slugs, limpets, and nudibranchs is the: Bivalve
Changes in population size can be measured in terms of: immigration, births, emigration, deaths
What type of competition has occurred when one organism uses physical or behavioral interactions to limit the access of other individuals to resources?: Interference
The largest phylum of gymnosperms includes the: conifers
A person can become ill with malaria after: being bitten by an Anopheles mosquito
Food contaminated with _______ sickens as many as 80 million people annually in the United States: Campylobacter, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Listera
Which of the following conditions demonstrates the area effect model of island biodiversity patterns?: Larger islands have more diversity than smaller islands the same distance from the source area
Marsupials fill niches in Australia that are filled by placental mammals in other parts of the world because: They were introduced to Australia by accident and do not have any native competitors or predators
Geographic dispersal refers to: successful movement of community from its home range to a new one
Fungi are most closely related to _____, with who they share an amoeboid ancestor: animals
When under attack, ciliates can eject sticky, harpoon-like threads from structures called: trichocysts
The location of the eyes on the front of the head in later primates ins especially important in: Predatory behavior
The primary method of removing CO2 from the atmosphere is through: photosynthesis by autotrophs
Which of the following are craniates?: Reptiles
The total number of individuals that contribute to the gene pool defines the populations: size
What happens to most of the water that evaporates from the oceans?: It precipitates onto the oceans
The mollusk group that includes the fastest, largest and smartest invertebrates is the: Gastropods
Mammals are placed into three subclasses based on their method of: Embryonic development and care
controlled fires are started in national forests: to promote the development of climax communities, such as sequoia trees
Insects such as monarch butterfly larvae are brightly colored so that they will: discourage predators
The development of a protective layer of _____ allowed organisms to survive above the surface of the water: ozone
A network of actions that involve the cycling of materials and the flow of energy between community and environment is which of the following?: Ecosystem

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