Intro to Music: Chapter 5
Terms
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- What cultivated, supported, and directed music as it did art, architecture, poetry, and learning during the middle ages?
- the Church
- What were non-church oriented, "popular" musicians called during the middle ages?
- Minstrels
- Who were the only people who wrote music down?
- Monks
- Define singing
- a way of uttering words that sets it apart from ordinary speech
- Define Plainchant
- the official music of the Catholic church in the Middle Ages, a great repertory of melodies designated for the many religious texts to be sung at services- widely known as Gregorian Chant
- Was plainchant, polyphonic, monophonic, homophonic or biophonic?
- monophonic
- What kind of meter was plainchant in?
- it was nonmetrical- having no established meter, and therefor the rhythm was free
- What mode was plainchant in?
- Medieval Modes- not the major or minor system
- What scale was used for plainchants?
- the diatonic scale (all the white keys)
- Define the reciting tone
- the pitch on which the text is sung- it is held except for small, formulaic variations at beginnings and ends of phrases
- Describe "Estampi"
- dances from the same court circles that produced the chivalric repertory
- Describe "organum"
- the earliest type of polyphony, consisting of traditional plainchant melody to which composer/singer/improvisor has added melody in counterpoint, sumg simultaneously to the same words
- Describe Motet
- a sacred vocal composition. Early motets were based on fragments of Gregorian chant- the upper lines were their own words
- What new form of melody and harmony developed out of the late dark ages and the early 14th century?
- Polyphony
- Define "Renaissance"
- the name given to a complex current of thought that worked deep changes in Europe from the 14th-16th century