World History Final Exam Part 3
Terms
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- Winston Churchill
- the British prime minister who declared his nation would never give in. He grew to become on e of the greatest orators of all time. He used his gifts to rally people behind the effort to crush Germany.
- Kamikaze
- Japanese suicide pilots trained to sink Allied ships by crashing bomb-filled planes into them
- Battle of Stalingrad
- a battle in which German forces were defeated in their attempt to capture the city of Stalingrad in the Soviet Union
- Blitzkrieg
- "lightning war"- a form of warfare in which surprise attacks with fast-moving airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces. Strategy brought about by Hitler that was very effective for many battles.
- Genocide
- the systematic killing of an entire people
- Nuremberg Trials
- a series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity
- Bernard Montgomery
- British General who was set to take control of British forces in North Africa. Launched the Battle of El Alamein with a massive attack from the front. Caused Rommel to retreat.
- Aryans
- the Germanic peoples who formed a "master race"-blonde haired, blue eyed.
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- An American general who led the Allies in Operation Torch. He overtook and smashed Desert Fox's Afrika Korps.
- Charles de Gaulle
- a French general who fled to London after France fell. He set up a government-in-exile committed to reconquering France. He went on to organize the free French military forces that battled the Nazis until France was liberated.
- Nonaggression pact
- an agreement in which nations promise not to attack one another. Made between Germany and Russia because Hitler feared another two-front war. Germany eventually broke the pact and invaded Russia. As we all know, this was a major mistake.
- Holocaust
- a mass slaughter of Jews and other civilians, carried out by the Nazi government of Germany before and during World War II.
- "Final Solution"
- Hitler's program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people
- Pearl Harbor
- Japan felt the American naval fleet at Pearl Harbor was "a dagger pointed at their throat," so they surprise attacked it, bringing America into World War II.
- D-Day
- the day on which the Allies began their invasion of the European mainland
- Ghettos
- segregated Jewish areas in certain cities in Poland in which Hitler ordered Jews to be moved to.
- Battle of the Bulge
- a battle in which Allied forces turned back the last major German offensive
- Atlantic Charter
- a declaration of principles issued in August 1941 by British prime minister Winston Churchill and U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt, on which the Allied peace plan at the end of World War II was based.
- Erwin Rommel
- A German general who took the key port city of Tobruk and was accused of plotting Hitler's assassination.
- Battle of Guadalcanal
- a battle in which Allied troops drove Japanese forces from the Pacific island of Guadalcanal.
- Douglas MacArthur
- Commander of the Allied land forces in the Pacific who believed the storming each island would be a long, costly effort. He wanted to take islands not well defended but closer to Japan. He would use air power to cut supply lines and starve enemy troops.
- Demilitarization
- a reduction in a country's ability to wage war, achieved by disbanding its armed forces and prohibiting it from acquiring weapons.
- Kristallnacht
- "Night of Broken Glass" - the night on which Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues throughout Germany.
- Battle of Britain
- a series of battles between German and British air forces fought over Britain
- Battle of Midway
- a sea and air battle in which American forces defeated Japanese forces in the central Pacific.
- Isoroku Yamamoto
- Japan's greatest naval strategist who argued that the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor had to be destroyed.