Marine Biology Review from Exam 1
Terms
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- gyre
- circular current
- Edward Forbes and M. F. Maury
- founders of oceanography
- hydrometer
- tool to measure density (to measure salinity)
- Puerto Rico Trench
- deepest Atlantic trench
- Spirulina
- cyanobacteria that gives flamingos their color
- Anabaena and Microcystis
- two genera that cause severe HAB in Lake Ponchatrain
- Micronesians
- ancient navigators, 4000-2000 BC; colonized larger Pacific Islands
- plankton
- pelagic organisms with powers of locomotion insufficient to permit independent movement
- steno-
- prefix indicating narrow range
- 100 m
- depth at which yellow light is completely scattered/absorbed
- Lightning and Porcupine
- 1800s research cruises funded by British Admiralty; took specimens from 2700 m and 4450 m, respectively
- meroplankton
- planktonic as larvae
- 1.151 mi
- 1 nautical mile is...
- 3795 m
- mean depth of the ocean
- Challenger
- first major oceanographic expedition, 1872-76; captains Thompson and Murray
- Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- highest oceanic ridge
- Eratosthenes
- Greek scholar, 3rd century BC; calculated circumference of Earth
- zooplanton
- heterotrophic plankton
- Polynesians
- ancient navigators, 1000-800 BC; colonized central Pacific; master navigators of all time, even used biogeographic information
- phytoplankton
- autotrophic plankton
- New England
- the continental shelf is extremely wide off the coast of...
- diurnal
- type of tides on Gulf of Mexico
- suspended sediment and microorganisms
- two factors that cause near-shore water to be brownish or greenish
- Phoenicians
- ancient navigators, 1200-200 BC; first to record use of celestial navigation; sailed around Mediterranean, north to British Isles, around Africa
- Vibrio vulnifica
- nonphotosynthetic bacteria that blooms in shallow coastal environments during warm months; makes oysters toxic
- Ekman spiral
- consequence of the Coriolis effect which causes ocean water to move to the right of applied forces in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere
- benthos
- bottom dwellers
- Vikings
- ancient navigators in northern Europe; among first to used crude compasses
- conductivity meter
- tool to measure electrical conductivity (to measure salinity)
- mixed semidiurnal
- type of tides on US west coast
- Balboa
- reached eastern shore of Pacific, 1513
- Lyngya
- genera of cyanobacter causing swimmer's itch
- Trichodesmium
- cyanobacteria that gives the Red Sea its name
- stromatolites
- oldest known fossils; formed cyanobacteria
- refractometer
- tool to measure optical density (to measure salinity)
- Diaz
- rounded Cape of Good Hope, 1487
- Black Sea
- example of an intercontinental sea
- 11 km
- depth of the Mariana Trench
- increases
- as salinity increases, density...
- 400 m
- depth at which blue light is completely scattered/absorbed
- neuston
- live at surface air/water interface
- holoplankton
- planktonic throughout life
- -7-42 degrees
- range of ocean temperature
- oxygen compensation level
- depth at which oxygen produced by photosynthesis equals oxygen consumption by plant respiration; below this, some level of heterotrphism is required
- oblate spheroid
- shape of the earth
- eury-
- prefix indicating broad range
- China
- country that undertook vast exploratory expeditions during fifteenth century
- decreases
- as temperature increases, density...
- Mariana Trench
- deepest oceanic trench
- 30:70
- ratio land and sea
- da Gama
- reached southern tip of Africa, 1488; reached India, 1498
- 35 ppt
- average salinity of ocean
- isoterm
- line of equal-temperature water
- 6 ft
- 1 fathom is...
- Bering Sea
- example of a marginal sea
- Colombus
- discovered America, 1492
- 50 m
- depth at which orange light is completely scattered/absorbed
- chloride, sodium, sulfate, magnesium, calcium, potassium, bicarbonate
- major ions in ocean water (7)
- Erebus and Terror
- ships of major British expedition to south Atlantic, 1842-43
- nekton
- pelagic organisms with powers of locomotion sufficient to permit independent movement
- overturn
- mixing of surface and deeper waters due to upwellings and downwellings
- Claudius Ptolemy
- Greek scholar, 2nd century BC; prepared map of world
- semidiurnal
- type of tides on US east coast
- phycoerythrin
- reddish pigment found in cyanobacteria
- Magellen
- first crossing of Pacific, 1520-21; crew completed circumnavigation of globe, 1522
- calculate chlorinity by titration
- most accurate method to measure salinity
- Red Sea
- example of an intracontinental sea
- 7.5-8.5
- average ocean pH
- 700 m
- average elevation of land
- phycocyanin
- bluish pigment found in cyanobacteria
- Pytheas
- Greek navigator, 4th century BC; connected tides to moon
- 18 m
- depth at which red light is completely scattered/absorbed
- 350 m
- depth at which green and violet light is completely scattered/absorbed
- 3.8 degrees
- average ocean temperature
- Chile
- the continental shelf is practically nonexistent off the coast of...