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World History Chapter 36

Not sections 36.2 and 36.3

Terms

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Britain, white settlers
South Africa was free from what country in 1910? Who was freedom limited to?
stay the same
After liberation, did the pattern of economic dependence (stayed the same, differed a little, changed complete)?
Egypt, Ethiopia, Liberia, South Africa
What were the only independent nations in Africa in 1945?
1 party, unity
Mugabe called for a _ _ system to promote national _ and tolerated little opposition in Zimbabwe;
15 Years
During the 1960s, Portuguese dictator rejected demands for freedom - lead to guerrilla warfare; spent __ years fighting, when Portuguese officers realized they couldn't win; in 1974 they toppled the dictator, and the next year two colonies were independent;
health care, education
Colonial governments had a major impact on _ _ and _ in Africa; Vaccines for yellow fever and small pox; missionary groups would do more medical attention than the gov.; emphasized elementary education, relatively few secondary schools, and rare universities;
Mau Mau
The British name for the guerrillas in Kenya
Southwest African Peoples Organization, Namibia
The German Southwest Africa mandate led to a struggle between a group using armed struggle; they went to guerrilla warfare with South African troops, which then became part of the _ _; as the war came to a halt, agreement to hold free elections; 1990 - independent; what is the Name of the guerrilla group in the new country? What is the name of the new country?
Political
During the colonial period, Europe undermined traditional African _ systems, and when they left African rulers in place, they told them how to govern.
profitable
What were new forms of transportation in colonies supposed to help them be? It'd link plantations and mines to ports;
Masakhane
Mandela's slogan and guiding policy in South Africa: "Let us build together,"
South Africa
Independence didn't stop the fighting in Angola and Mozambique, the _ _ rivalries raged for years; to undermine new governments, what country aided rebel groups in both countries?
Colonial powers
At independence, African nations had borders that were drawn by _ power. They could cause big problems; Many new nations might be hostile groups forced to live together in the same country; Some borders split same ethnic groups into 2 nations;
the Massacre at Sharpeville, ANC
In 1960 in South Africa, police gunned down 69 peaceful protesters which woke up the rest of the world; After the incident, the government outlawed the _ _ _ and cracked down; What was this incident called?
Socialism, Nyerere
Tanzania's ruler was viewed with suspicion by the west for embracing _. His name is what?
African Development Bank
The Organization of African Unity set up a bank to channel investment capital from foreign sources into development programs. What was the bank called?
United Nations
After independence, African nations join what major group?
racial, apartheid
In 1948 the Afrikaner National party won a majority in a "whites-only" parliament in South Africa ; they extended the system of _ segregation, and created _, or separation of all races;
Less then 20
In South Africa, what percent of the people were white?
Mozambique
From 1975-1992, what country starved and killed civilians, destroyed schools and health clinics to overturn the government?
Democratic Nation
When granted independence, colonial powers expected an immediate transformation from authoritarian colony into a _ _.
western speakers
Most nationalist leaders had a _ education; many were powerful _; throughout Africa, leaders organized political parties. In the cities, they make newspapers, rallies, etc.
cash crops, raw material
What did Europeans export that helped pay for European rule?
Kikiyu
Jomo Kenyatta in Kenya was a spokesperson for the _, many of them were displaced farmers; He supported nonviolence; arrested when guerrilla warfare broke out; Kenya's 1st prime minister and first president
Ghana
What was Gold Coast renamed in 1957 by Nkrumah?
27, symbol
Mandela spent _ years in prison, but remained a power _ for the struggle against apartheid; 1994 - first president in a mixed election
majority
When nationalism swept through Africa, white Southern Rhodesians rejected to give up any more power to the black majority; When Britain supports demands for _ rule, conservative whites led by Ian Smith declare independence in 1965;
Afrikaners
Descended from Dutch settlers who demanded severe new limits on blacks in South Africa
Educated
Europeans denied what kind of Africans top jobs in colonial spots?
Belgium, Britain, France, Portugal
What 4 continents in 1945 controlled almost the entire African continent? (alpha)
Arab Berber
Along with the Europeans who had settled in Algeria, France also wanted to keep the _ _ people of Algeria from getting independence.
Biafra
UN efforts helped save millions from starvation where during Nigeria's civil war?
Nationalism
Rising tide of _ swept over European colonial empires;
Ex soldiers, wartime defense
World War II sharpened edges of nationalist movements in Africa; __ were easy recruits for growing nationalist movements; Also found support in workers in _ _ industries.
Zaire
In the early 1960s, what country did the UN help keep peace in?
Nonaligned
During the Cold War, many Africans supported the _ movement;
+50 nations
How many new nations were born in Africa during the great Liberation?
Colonial experiences
What are many of Africa's recent problems traced back to?
apartheid
Banned marriages between races, set up segregated restaurants, beaches, schools, and other facilities; blacks who worked in factories, mines, and other jobs were paid less than whites; what are all these laws part of in South Africa?
Organization of African Unity
New nations of Africa were determined, so they set up a regional and global organization; what did they create in 1963? It promoted cooperation among members, supported independence, and sought peaceful settlement
New policies, gradual
Britain and France were tired of fighting, so when faced with nationalist demands, they adopted _ _; introduced political reforms that would lead to _ independence; Colonies couldn't change the pace of it though, so pressure built;
roads, railroads, harbors, and cities,
In colonies, Europe brought new crops, technologies, and cash economies; they built
Garvey, Gandhi
Kwame Nkrumah student the Pan-Africanist _, and the nonviolent methods of _; he organized a radical political party; first prime minister of Ghana
Britain
Businessman Cecil Rhodes took control of the region known as Southern Rhodesia in the 1890s. What country is he from?
National Liberation Front
Muslim Algerian nationalists set up a group who turned to Guerrilla warfare to win freedom; What is the name? (FLN)
Cuba, South Africa
The Soviet Union helped one side in Angola, by financing 50,000 troops from _ that fought in Angola; _ _ supported the rival group; the US also tried to undermine the SU
Zimbabwe
Mugabe and Nkomo were nationalist guerrillas; Many whites fled, and UN _ hurt the economy; Smith reached a negotiated settlement and 1980 what did this area become?
Red, Ethiopia, Somalia
Cold War rivalries affected local conflicts in Africa the Soviet Union supported rival groups along the _ Sea, involving what two countries?
African National Congress
In 1912, an organization formed in South Africa, set up to oppose white domination; in the 1950s, Afrikaners set up laws, so this group boycotted and had strikes; what is it called?
Angola, Mozambique
Portugal clung to its colonies in what two African countries?
UN, Red Cross, Oxfam, Doctors without Borders
What private agencies respond to famine and other crises that strike African nations?
German Southwest Africa, independence
In 1920, South Africa received _ _ _ as a mandate from the League of Nations; After WWII, the UN asked South Africa to prepare the territory for _, but instead they backed the oppressive regime run by the white minority;
France
1800s - Algeria had been conquered through a brutal struggle by what country?

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