World History Chapter 36
Not sections 36.2 and 36.3
Terms
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- Britain, white settlers
- South Africa was free from what country in 1910? Who was freedom limited to?
- stay the same
- After liberation, did the pattern of economic dependence (stayed the same, differed a little, changed complete)?
- Egypt, Ethiopia, Liberia, South Africa
- What were the only independent nations in Africa in 1945?
- 1 party, unity
- Mugabe called for a _ _ system to promote national _ and tolerated little opposition in Zimbabwe;
- 15 Years
- During the 1960s, Portuguese dictator rejected demands for freedom - lead to guerrilla warfare; spent __ years fighting, when Portuguese officers realized they couldn't win; in 1974 they toppled the dictator, and the next year two colonies were independent;
- health care, education
- Colonial governments had a major impact on _ _ and _ in Africa; Vaccines for yellow fever and small pox; missionary groups would do more medical attention than the gov.; emphasized elementary education, relatively few secondary schools, and rare universities;
- Mau Mau
- The British name for the guerrillas in Kenya
- Southwest African Peoples Organization, Namibia
- The German Southwest Africa mandate led to a struggle between a group using armed struggle; they went to guerrilla warfare with South African troops, which then became part of the _ _; as the war came to a halt, agreement to hold free elections; 1990 - independent; what is the Name of the guerrilla group in the new country? What is the name of the new country?
- Political
- During the colonial period, Europe undermined traditional African _ systems, and when they left African rulers in place, they told them how to govern.
- profitable
- What were new forms of transportation in colonies supposed to help them be? It'd link plantations and mines to ports;
- Masakhane
- Mandela's slogan and guiding policy in South Africa: "Let us build together,"
- South Africa
- Independence didn't stop the fighting in Angola and Mozambique, the _ _ rivalries raged for years; to undermine new governments, what country aided rebel groups in both countries?
- Colonial powers
- At independence, African nations had borders that were drawn by _ power. They could cause big problems; Many new nations might be hostile groups forced to live together in the same country; Some borders split same ethnic groups into 2 nations;
- the Massacre at Sharpeville, ANC
- In 1960 in South Africa, police gunned down 69 peaceful protesters which woke up the rest of the world; After the incident, the government outlawed the _ _ _ and cracked down; What was this incident called?
- Socialism, Nyerere
- Tanzania's ruler was viewed with suspicion by the west for embracing _. His name is what?
- African Development Bank
- The Organization of African Unity set up a bank to channel investment capital from foreign sources into development programs. What was the bank called?
- United Nations
- After independence, African nations join what major group?
- racial, apartheid
- In 1948 the Afrikaner National party won a majority in a "whites-only" parliament in South Africa ; they extended the system of _ segregation, and created _, or separation of all races;
- Less then 20
- In South Africa, what percent of the people were white?
- Mozambique
- From 1975-1992, what country starved and killed civilians, destroyed schools and health clinics to overturn the government?
- Democratic Nation
- When granted independence, colonial powers expected an immediate transformation from authoritarian colony into a _ _.
- western speakers
- Most nationalist leaders had a _ education; many were powerful _; throughout Africa, leaders organized political parties. In the cities, they make newspapers, rallies, etc.
- cash crops, raw material
- What did Europeans export that helped pay for European rule?
- Kikiyu
- Jomo Kenyatta in Kenya was a spokesperson for the _, many of them were displaced farmers; He supported nonviolence; arrested when guerrilla warfare broke out; Kenya's 1st prime minister and first president
- Ghana
- What was Gold Coast renamed in 1957 by Nkrumah?
- 27, symbol
- Mandela spent _ years in prison, but remained a power _ for the struggle against apartheid; 1994 - first president in a mixed election
- majority
- When nationalism swept through Africa, white Southern Rhodesians rejected to give up any more power to the black majority; When Britain supports demands for _ rule, conservative whites led by Ian Smith declare independence in 1965;
- Afrikaners
- Descended from Dutch settlers who demanded severe new limits on blacks in South Africa
- Educated
- Europeans denied what kind of Africans top jobs in colonial spots?
- Belgium, Britain, France, Portugal
- What 4 continents in 1945 controlled almost the entire African continent? (alpha)
- Arab Berber
- Along with the Europeans who had settled in Algeria, France also wanted to keep the _ _ people of Algeria from getting independence.
- Biafra
- UN efforts helped save millions from starvation where during Nigeria's civil war?
- Nationalism
- Rising tide of _ swept over European colonial empires;
- Ex soldiers, wartime defense
- World War II sharpened edges of nationalist movements in Africa; __ were easy recruits for growing nationalist movements; Also found support in workers in _ _ industries.
- Zaire
- In the early 1960s, what country did the UN help keep peace in?
- Nonaligned
- During the Cold War, many Africans supported the _ movement;
- +50 nations
- How many new nations were born in Africa during the great Liberation?
- Colonial experiences
- What are many of Africa's recent problems traced back to?
- apartheid
- Banned marriages between races, set up segregated restaurants, beaches, schools, and other facilities; blacks who worked in factories, mines, and other jobs were paid less than whites; what are all these laws part of in South Africa?
- Organization of African Unity
- New nations of Africa were determined, so they set up a regional and global organization; what did they create in 1963? It promoted cooperation among members, supported independence, and sought peaceful settlement
- New policies, gradual
- Britain and France were tired of fighting, so when faced with nationalist demands, they adopted _ _; introduced political reforms that would lead to _ independence; Colonies couldn't change the pace of it though, so pressure built;
- roads, railroads, harbors, and cities,
- In colonies, Europe brought new crops, technologies, and cash economies; they built
- Garvey, Gandhi
- Kwame Nkrumah student the Pan-Africanist _, and the nonviolent methods of _; he organized a radical political party; first prime minister of Ghana
- Britain
- Businessman Cecil Rhodes took control of the region known as Southern Rhodesia in the 1890s. What country is he from?
- National Liberation Front
- Muslim Algerian nationalists set up a group who turned to Guerrilla warfare to win freedom; What is the name? (FLN)
- Cuba, South Africa
- The Soviet Union helped one side in Angola, by financing 50,000 troops from _ that fought in Angola; _ _ supported the rival group; the US also tried to undermine the SU
- Zimbabwe
- Mugabe and Nkomo were nationalist guerrillas; Many whites fled, and UN _ hurt the economy; Smith reached a negotiated settlement and 1980 what did this area become?
- Red, Ethiopia, Somalia
- Cold War rivalries affected local conflicts in Africa the Soviet Union supported rival groups along the _ Sea, involving what two countries?
- African National Congress
- In 1912, an organization formed in South Africa, set up to oppose white domination; in the 1950s, Afrikaners set up laws, so this group boycotted and had strikes; what is it called?
- Angola, Mozambique
- Portugal clung to its colonies in what two African countries?
- UN, Red Cross, Oxfam, Doctors without Borders
- What private agencies respond to famine and other crises that strike African nations?
- German Southwest Africa, independence
- In 1920, South Africa received _ _ _ as a mandate from the League of Nations; After WWII, the UN asked South Africa to prepare the territory for _, but instead they backed the oppressive regime run by the white minority;
- France
- 1800s - Algeria had been conquered through a brutal struggle by what country?