race / ethnicity part 2
Race & Ethnicity, Vincent Mikkelsen, Florida State University, Exam 2
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- Manifest Destiny
- we are destined by god to spread out across country and conquer individuals that might be out there
- compromise of 1877
- gave money to south (so they could rebuild...reconstruction)
- how to keep warm on frontier?
- burn cow dung, buffalo chips, cut open horse and climb inside
- Lynching symbolizes?
- an attack on an entire race, inferiority, fear
- 1954 supreme court decison
- fixed segregation
- Bulldogging
- drive calf into ground by using horns or head
- Strange Fruit
- Abel Meerole, performed by billy holiday in 1939
- 15th amendment violated by..
- Mississippi plan
- Shyan
- attacked immigrants and railroad people, put up in their own fort, killed in sandcreek massacre
- Charles Houstan
- dean of black law school and raised lawyers to fight segregation; joined head of naacp legal squad
- Eugenics
- based on blood, you are bad
- The Yellow Era
- 1915, time period of Japanese
- amount of Horses in NYC
- 20,000
- Frank sinatra
- viewed as a criminal because he is italian; but he raised money for the war; arrested for trying to seduce a married women, charges dropped
- Dago
- overgeneralization of italians, dark, catholic, connected with diego, also associated with mexicans and spain
- italians owning a ship?
- no way, they could blow something up with it
- Fiorello Laguardia
- one of most famous politicians; italian and half jewish; mayor but had to dispell stereotypes about him by going after the mob; gioanni had same thing
- Sooners
- took land that didn't belong to them and put money in general allotment fund; plundering
- Timezones were created by
- Railroad company created..
- Black Kettle
- Leader of Shyan, tried to convince shyan to bend to will of govt..they wouldn't listen to him and they revolted
- WAP
- without paperwork for any immigrant, associated with italians
- Ida B Wells
- Southern Horrors, 1892 - The Red Book - record of lynchings (school teacher from memphis)
- immigrants didnt live past what age
- 3-4 years old (lack of infant and child care)
- Williams Simmons
- New leader of KKK, history instructor in Georgia
- Scientific Racism
- looking at biology or physical characterisitics to define race, stereotype (predict criminal based on their physical characteristics)
- Transcontinental railroad
- began in 1862, completed 1869 in Utah..from chicago to the west..where east meets west in Utah
- After WWI, the germans
- germans were portrayed as black after the war, 'bad'
- problems with immigration act of 1924
- old census data used...1890s..before most of the new immigrants arrived
- pearl harbor attack
- 1941; changed how we look at chinese, now they are allies
- FDR said about the fear of italians
- he doesnt think they are dangerous, but it is a public relations program, to make people think tehy are safer than they actually are..
- italians in internment camps
- 3,000; they have curfews which causes problems for bakers
- Blackhand letters
- system of extortion, threat of kidnapping, signed 'the black hand' italians targeted but not as frequent as media describes
- thind v. u.s.
- not white but not asian, indian; said because his skin isnt white and neither is culture, he isn't white
- Chamber Pot
- used to dispose of human waste in tenements in U.S.
- Congress and the anti lynching bill
- they introduced it 5 years after white and fdr's meeting, but Fdr wouldnt endorse it; caused walter white to resign from his post in some position
- Cultivation out west
- more acres set aside in two decades than 250 years (kansas, nebraska, tx...)
- Who built railroad?
- Immigrants (east: irish, west: chinese)
- Immigration act of 1924
- AKA 'National Origins Act'..use quotas of immigrants already there to decide how many to let in..only 2% of already in u.s.
- hate groups against jews
- 1930s, over 100 hate groups; they were blamed for the depression
- nisei
- second generation of immigrants, they are born here and we can't send them back
- Roy Wilkins
- talks about segregation in florida and even tallahassee
- Manchurian invasion took place when
- 1931
- Mami
- docile and loyal, protective of the white house
- Pro Americanism
- what is good about america should continue, what is bad should stop
- Irish priorities
- political power
- horse waste
- gallon of urine, 10-20 lb of feces per day
- houstan's views on education
- to desegregate, start in schools
- Rape of Nanking
- 1937, japan destroyed them brutally and vial
- Leo Frank
- Murdered his white secretary, arrested, killed by mob
- KKK founder and date
- 1915, Nathanial Bedford Forest
- Jesse Owens
- (black)Berlin olympics, 1936; beat them and the u.s. was rooting for htem since they hated the germans more
- germans in internment camps
- 11,000; are held as collateral to get back prisoners of war
- 14th amendment violated by..
- lynching and segregation
- General Allotment Act problems
- if you didnt want it, required to sell land and put money in allotment fund..natives had no control over fund and couldnt get money for 25 years, massive plundering occurred of the fund; also names were to pets and people who couldnt claim the land
- Issei
- first generation of immigrants to come to u.s., we may not want
- Grand Imperial Wizard
- supersticious kkk hierarchy
- Homestead act
- 1862: free land for all (40-160 acres of land given for free to anyone willing to settle or farm on it, after you prove it, you own land, takes 5 years)
- KKK first and second origination
- Biloxi, TN; 2nd in Stone Mountain, Georgia
- Cowboy
- no need to rely on money, no cattle..just need the will to work a lot
- 14th amendment
- citizenship..we all are citizens
- making whiteness
- book about segregation (white people, even poor, are better than blacks)
- Guniea
- Italian
- Most crime leaders were
- Eastern european jews
- 13th amendment violated by..
- share cropping and ongoing debt
- Japan feels inferior because?
- chinese exclusion act made them feel inferior, made them look bad
- Open intimidation of blacks
- KKK members were police officers and mayors etc
- german ethnicity
- doesnt really matter, as long as german american
- houses made out of what on frontier?
- Mud, dirt, sod
- Siegel
- jewish mobster who killed many people..shot stereotype of jews counting money down
- General Allotment Act
- Also known as Dawes Act (because Senator Dawes Proposed it): 80 acre plots given to indians so they could develop and become capitalists
- Railroad
- helped us move west, changes society, people couldn't move more than 5 miles away from their birth place, now they can
- Benjamin Franklin
- said germans should be watched
- problems with homestead act
- excludes blacks (they weren't elgible for citizenship in 1862), given to german immigrants who weren't in country yet
- Horse culture
- indians
- grandfather clause
- from Louisiana - Mississippi affected poor whites (wasn't meant to) so they said if your grandfather voted, you could also (b4 13-15th amend)
- % of italians in mafia
- 5% (not much supposably)
- Bennet Law
- 1890, in order to be a public school, english must be taught 16 weeks out of year
- Sandcreek Massacre
- most controversial and violent incidents out west, indians brutally murdered
- KKK gained momemtum through
- Birth of a nation film
- Woodrow Wilson
- Backed Griffith on Birth of a Nation film
- 13th Amendment
- Abolition of Slavery
- Bill Picket
- Black Cowboy, new way to bring down calf and biting lip of calf
- Eleanor Roosevelt
- frustrated by lack of support, wanted to resign, especially after marianne anderson wasnt allowed to sing in the hall
- caused house of reps to pass anti lynching bill
- 2 blacks killed in 1937 by blow torch; fillabusters held it up, president silent, bill withdrawn
- Unprecedented Race Hatred occurred in..
- turn of century
- kkk Clan chapter is in
- every state during 1920
- Hideki Tojo
- general of japan, he was the idea of japanese
- When did effects of slavery end?
- not in 1865 or 1867, linked to time period of segregation
- Joe Lewis
- moved to detroit in 1927, black champion boxer
- Xenophobia
- fear of foreigners
- Marianne Anderson
- black singer that mrs roosevelt liked and had sing at events, was denied singing at white house so sung for 75,000 at lincoln memorial instead
- most important to be american?
- nationality
- Ethiopian delineators
- white people who pretended to be black
- KKK targets
- african americans and also immigrants and jews
- German language in public schools
- could have been dominant in 1830s if enough parents in district requested it (50%)...changed in 1880s because fear of foreigners
- Ocowa Ozawa v the U.S.
- 1922; an issei; denied citizenship even though wife and children are white (born here), court says he is biologically different even though he is 'white'; results in citizens of india having citizenship taken away
- 15th amendment
- political representation, all can vote
- Cable Act 1922
- any citizen who marries an inelgible can lose citizenship
- Sacco and Vanzetti
- linked to a robbery in massachusett that killed someone in 1927; normal upstanding citizens, witnesses say they werent at robbery, still executed, state withdraws charges later but too late
- Conclave
- secret meeting where kkk pope is named in puff of white smoke?
- kkk clan chapters include what groups of people
- not just poor, but middle class, elite, police officers, mayors
- group used for labor after immigration act
- mexicans
- W.E.B. Du Bois
- founder of NAACP, wrote Souls of Black Folk - 1903 - detailed record of lynchings
- Wovoka
- on standing rock reservation when dawes act proposed, clashed with sitting bull about keeping natives traditional, created ghost dance
- Tenements
- Immigrant family housing; would take in squatters sometimes to make ends meet
- peonage
- debt relating to share crop system
- Grasshoppers on plantation
- 1870s, one of most dangerous on plantation, swarms of grasshoppers devoured everything, not only crops but people
- Central Pacific
- California to utah
- NAACP view on lynchings
- realizes not all are innocent, but it should go through regular court system
- Chinese Exclusion act
- 1882, denied citizenship, renewed in 1892 and in 1902 indefinately, repealed 41 years later
- plessy v ferguson
- 1896..separate but equal..but in 1910 spending got much worse on black education compared to whites
- Samba
- T.G. Rice (1830)- portrayed as innocent, docile black man who likes song and dance
- Jim Brandant
- 1937. Joe lewis fought and beat him...major victory again
- 14th amendment and Asians problem
- says europeans, descendants of africa, born in US are citizens, what about asians?..nope, but if born in u.s., can petition to be citizen
- Wounded knee
- Located in South Dakota near Wounded Knee Creek. An Indian tribe - the Hunkpapa Sioux - was attacked by 500 US soldiers during the Ritual Ghost Dance. The Indians were massacred, little boys were shot, women running with children were murdered...
- IBM responsibilty in wwII
- helped build machines for germany
- Cattle Raisers out west..
- farmers and cattle raisers pushed out by land developers
- Birth of A Nation effects
- exagerated blacks, made them savage like, made people regret emancipation, incited & justified racial violence
- Protocols of the elders of zion
- russian place that said the entire world bank system is controlled by a few old jewish men
- black coyote
- deaf native that didn't turn over gun at wounded knee massacre, resulted in firefight and massacre
- Joe Dimaggio
- nickname jolton joe; he enlisted
- Mississippi plan
- took away right to vote, have to pay payroll tax, literacy competency tests, residency requirements
- response to Lance Arnold
- baltimore black community marched, lynchings spiked and mob violence hit 6 states in 2 months; NAACP asked President roosevelt to speak out, on dec. 6th, he called it a vial form of murder
- Blizzards on frontier
- Nebraska, Dakota, caused it to be very cold
- Lance Arnold
- Hung burned with blowtorch, dragged by car
- new immigrants rates
- part of last open immigration, only 2% refused (criminals, diseased)
- Andrew johnson
- gave narrow strip of land to white land owners before hand..the good land
- Ellis Island
- 1892, closed 1954 (nov 12)
- Carlisle School
- 1879, Carlisle, PA, forced reeducation of natives
- Primo carnera
- 1935, italian, joe lewis fought him and it was important because italians threatened to invade ethiopia at same time..it was a major victory for the 'blacks'
- Walter White
- NAACP, mixed..so he was able to get info from whites; made his top priority to stop lynching, never got anti lynching bill passed
- Hitlerism
- propoganda during 1930s
- John Chivington
- 1864, formed a militia to track down and kill shyan..couldnt find any so went to Fort lyon or fort wise and killed them all
- Gentlemen's agreement
- 1907-1908: Theodore Roosevelt and Japanese Government agreed to let a small amount of japanese in and in return u.s. wouldn't put a bad label on japanese
- Chinese fighting in war
- 13,000
- Birth Of A Nation film director
- D.W. Griffith directed it,
- Jim Thorpe
- Native Am. Who attended Carlisle school & in 1912 rep'd US in Stockholm Olympics where he won the gold in decathalon & pentathalon
- Mongrel
- individual who wasn't 100% white
- Hate Crime bill passed in
- 1990s
- Burt Williams
- put on a facade, talked like 'black face'
- Birth of a Nation novelist
- Dixon
- Hugo Black
- named to us supreme court, klan attorney from Birmingham, successfully defended christian preacher who murdered catholic priest
- Sitting Bull
- was a Sioux holy man, originally supported govt intervention then alligned with wovoka, killed by police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him (dec 15, 1890) and prevent him from supporting the Ghost Dance movement
- Birth Of A Nation,,about
- reconstruction, northerners are bad guys, kkk are good guys that come to the rescue
- diseases in NYC
- caused by lack of cleanliness
- Brooklyn Dodgers
- originally called Brooklyn Trolly Dodgers
- Ghost Dance
- symbolic dance created by Wovoka in a dream that unites natives in saying the white man can't hurt them
- lynchings reported between 1900-1930
- 3700
- chinese nationality
- important, but race is paramont because asians cant be citizens
- Italian priorities
- money
- Executive order 9066
- makes it legal, constitutional to round up citizens based on ethnicity if they show a clear and emimminent threat; can be placed in one area or shipped somewhere to an internment camp; upheld by 2 court cases
- Eleanor Roosevelt
- activily supported NAACP
- Railroad company embraced settlers..
- to protect landlines and railroad lines, to get people out there and build it up
- Lynchings in New Orleans
- irish police officer murdered, 12 italian immigrants hung overnight, cops ok with it, theodore roosevelt honors it
- de jure
- what is supposed to occur by law
- Ku Klux Klan stands for
- Our close family
- immigration stats
- italians: pre1920: 158,000; post: 5,802; Greeks..17,600, 307; good immigrants like germans? 51,000
- jews in the orphanage
- 1938, 100,000 stuck in it, bill submitted to let 20,000 come in..fdr wouldnt pass it, ss st. louis turned away, sat in front of miami while appeals, returned to europe and england, france and holland took the passengers (1000)
- Children Brute Characters
- shown as victims..like furry animals
- massive plundering of the best land
- supposed to wait until april 22 to get land, some left early to Oklahoma and gained the nickname the sooners
- slaughter of wildlife and ecology
- white settlers killed natives source of food for fun
- Southern states popular with
- lynching
- Americanization Efforts
- ideas that you can help and educate the immigrants
- Max Shmaly round 2
- came at a pivotal time since WW2 was going on, hitler and max were good friends and when joe beat him america triumphed; nazism was put down (1937)
- Denver, Colorado
- settlers were paid to bring skin or parts of natives
- de facto
- what is occurring
- hodgekit cannon
- hundreds of bullets per second
- Union Pacific
- eastern to west in nebraska
- Menstrool
- a troop of performers
- The Prostrate State
- 1874, by historian James S. Pike
- Joe Zeppi
- wanted to see son who joined military; can't get on base because not a u.s. citizen
- Treaty of Fort Wise
- govt moves shyans to a river in colorado if they agree to be peaceful
- Nebraska, 1919
- Germany was enemy in WWI, so nebraska put down laws about allowing german to be spoken
- New Immigrants
- 1880s-1920s, southern and eastern europe,italy and russia,jew and catholic, hungary; male, poor, young
- yellow bird
- priest who started the ghost dance at wounded knee that resulted in the massacre of several hundred indians
- Walter White and FDR's meeting
- 1934, FDR wouldnt promise public endorsement on anti lynching bill
- grace hale
- making whiteness, 1998
- more english in jails than the
- italians
- Birth of a Nation
- written by Thomas Dickson
- Ethnic Notions
- by Marlin Riggs
- 'Not a chinamans chance'
- chinamen built railroads and received the most life threatening jobs
- Max Shmaly
- Joe Lewis's new fighter, beat joe, major defeat to black community
- Charles Houstan Court case
- 1935. took university of maryland to court, when murray was denied acceptance to the white law school, won against them