History Test on South Africa
Terms
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- Economic Sanctions
- when other countries refused to trade w. South Africa and removed all the invested money in South Africa. no money/goods were going in or coming out of South Africa.
- The Dutch Reform Church
- white church. not criticized when they tried to provide a scriptual basis for the national party's policy of apartheid
- Afrikaner
- Dutch-German (white) race.
- Boycotts
- people all over the world boycotted goods to trade with so South Africa would have less money and change its ways.
- Bantu Education Act
- forced the Bantus to be taught Afrikaan (the language of the whites). the bantus did not agree with this. caused some rebellions.
- African National Congress (ANC)
- used peacful protest. helped blacks gain freedom w.out the whites help. accused of being a communist organization.
- Inkatha Party/Chief Buthelezi
- Leader of the Inkatha party. wanted to represent the Zulus. he argued against the ANC- said they represented all South Africans.
- P.W Botha (1978)
- prime minister of south Africa in 1978" aprtheid had to adapt or die" was what he said. He tried to adapt it through a series of reforms. He helped the blacks but he did not give balcks enough power to overtake whites, he improved balck education. he provided electricy and running water. he increased the share of money.
- Spear of the Nation
- ANC/PAC set up armed groups called Umkhonto we Sizwe
- Freedom Charter
- similar to the Decleration of Independance/Bill of Rights. states the rights that the blacks should have. made in 1955. made by the Defiance Campaign and approved by the Congress of the People.
- Amy Biehl
- A white student that went over to south africa to help that ended up getting raped and killed my four teenagers, the parents applyed for amnesity and forgave the kids, because they would have thought that thats what their daughter would have wanted.
- Boer War
- the war between the british and dutch
- Pan-African Congress (PAC)
- all black organization. organized march in Sharpeville. willing to kill whites. against Pass Laws. banned/leaders imprisoned.
- Apartheid
- an evil system to seperate blacks and whites and to make blacks feel inferior and give them nothing
- Bantu Authorities Act
- set up by Verwoerd, set up new forms of local government for the reserves and for the townships set up 10 territorial homelands for the blacks and all of the blacks were moved there
- Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd
- turned apartheid from old-style segregation into a system that dealt with all aspects of relations between races in south africa, was interested in the 'poor white' problem->politics, became editor of Afrikaner newspaper, Die Transvaler, thought that blacks would have a better life if they lived apart from the whites,
- Program of Action
- youth league persuaded ANC to accept this. said that africans were entitled to self-determination called for the use of boycotts etc and other peaceful, but unlawful means to achieve the goals.
- Tutu
- had similar non-violence direct action policy that MLK had. He belived apartheid was unjust because blacks had been removed from their homes, denyed the right to vote and didn't have equal rights. was a religous man. believed that women should join the clergy. also belived the system was un-christian- went against the ways of god.
- Biko
- the leader of the Black Conciousness was banned and then detained in port Elizabeth for handing out packets. when he was held there he was naked in his cell and was interigated by 5 people, he then hit his head against the wall and suffered brain damage but they did not care and just put a blanket over him.
- Group Areas Act
- races had to live in seperate areas. forced the non-whites into homelands (bantustans)
- Oliver Tambo
- member of the Youth League. took part in the Defiance Campaign. became Deputy resident of ANC in 1959. expelled for political activities. was the leader when mandela was in prison.
- Black Consciousness
- led by Steve Biko. influenced the young, made them more confident and less ready to be pushed around by police. wanted the blacks to come together and fight what was wrong. expresses pride and determination of blacks to rise and do what is right for their race.
- Great Trek
- march made by the clans from south africa to the new colonies; Transvaal and Orange Free State
- National Party
- Afrikaner (white) party. for apartheid. wanted things to be seperate between all the races.
- Sharpeville massacre (1960)
- demonstration march organized by PAC/ANC. when the group stopped in front of the police station, some of the police men lost their nerve and started shooting into the crowd. 69 dead. 180 wounded.
- The Pass Laws
- required all non-whites to carry passbooks with their name, living place, race, job, employer's name, employer's address.
- Transvaal & Orange Free State
- new colonies established by the Sans and Khoi Khoi after being kicked out of their old colony and making the Great Trek. diamonds/gold discovered, part of "the union of south africa"
- The San and Khoi-Khoi
- original two clans in South Africa. driven out of south africa by the dutch. formed Transvaal and Orange Free State.
- Thabo Mbeki
- Is the president and has been scince 1999, is the head of the ANC, picked by Nelson Mandela, he held together the ANC and wanted to continue movement even when they were banned, he was evidence that the democracy was working
- Racial Groups
- whites, blacks, asians, coloureds, indians
- Truth & Reconciliation Commission
- was held for ppl to come apply for amnesty and for the other ppl to forgive or at least hear what happened, allowed closure to families.
- South Africa Act
- allowed non-whites to have a small say in the election of whites in the states of cape and natal, and no say at all in Transvaal and Orange Free State (this was the way of the previous voting system)
- United Party
- ruling political party from 1934-1948. set up to rival the South African Party(jan smuts) drew support from all parts of society-english speakers, afrikaners&coloureds
- F.W de Klerk
- was the last white prime minister and was the leader of the national party and supported apartheid but lifted the ban on the ANC and freed Mandela
- South African Council of Churches (SACC)
- worked for the unity of churches and to create a fellowship that included everyone in a new south africa. Encouraged the unemployed to become self-employed. Critized for delaying the bloody revolution by means of these practices.
- Nelson Mandela
- He was put in jail for 26 years and then became the first black president of South Africa, ANC supporter, was sent to jail for having connections and being part of the ANC was relased from jail when apartheid ended. After the treason trails he went "underground". Also president of the Youth League in 1950
- South African Student Organization (SASO)
- message-"black man, you are on your own." Biko=founder. non-white. goals-needed to reflect needs of the constuency, build strong black consciousness, aware of its culture and strong political power, wanted blacks to be able to fight for themeslves, so they can lead their own fight with the help of some whites who will cooperate.
- Soweto
- A big group of townships, one day 15,000 students marched in defiance of a police ban. they held there ground as the police came and many people were shot. This caused many other town ships to rebel.they had these protests beucase they felt that the goverment was being unfiar beucase they now had to be taught Afrikaans, also unemployment.
- Kaffir
- derogitory term to call the blacks. equal to the "n" word in america.
- Black Theology
- says church should be involved with the community, should go out and help with the liberation of blacks & whites who suffer from apartheid
- Bantustans
- homelands for blacks or different ethnic groups (non-white). were supposed to be equal to the whites living places and be independant but did not get either. there was also supposed to be money put into the bantustans so the nonwhites could start up their own lives, but that did not happen either. they are controlled by the government (whites).
- "Cradock 4"
- resisted apartheid. 4 political activists killed. burned.