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History 1320 Final

Terms

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Brown vs. Board of Education
1957-under the Warren Court. Declared segregation is illegal in school and in all public institutions. Warren Court was instrumental in dismantling segregation.
New Deal
name given to the many domestic programs and reforms instituted by FDR and his administration in response to Great Depression of the 30s. Had short and long term goals. March 6-10 closed banks in 1933. Emergency Banking Relief Act (FDIC), Fed. Emer. Relief Act (FERA). WPA, Social Security
Kristallnacht
"night of broken class" evening of Nov. 9, 1938. Nazi mobs burned down synagogues, looted stores & attacked Jewish cities throughout Germany; dozens murdered, beaten and raped
Bolshevik Revolution of 1917
March 1917 during the rule of Czar Nicholas II. Bolsheviks seized control, they were part of the Dumas group. Communism took over Russia and they killed the royal family
Battle of Britain
1940-41. luffwaffe vs. royal air force (RAF). "London Blitz" killed over 30,000 civilians in 23 day barrage.
Stock Market Crash of 1929
In 1929, the stock market crashed and caused a world wide Depression. As early as March the stock market had mini-crashes, signaling something was seriously wrong. In October 1929, on Black Friday it crashed. The Thursday before 12 mil. stocks had changed hands. The full devestation was not fully realized until the following Tuesday.
Treaty of Versailles
The peace treaty of WWI signed in 1919. It left the world more unstable than it was before the war. Germany felt betrayed; thought they had been winning. The Germans didn't forget and it stayed with them throughout the 20s and 30s until WWII
Prohibition
Started in 1917 with the 18th amendment. it declared the sell and use of all alcoholic beverages illegal. Alcohol was banned, but didn't disappear. Throughout Prohibition, bootleggers transported it from Canada and Caribbean. You could get alcohol at illegal bars called speakeasies. Prohibition did not work.
Berlin Airlift
In 1948-49: Germany and Berlin divided at Potsdam into 4 zones. 1948: 3 zones united into West Germany. Stalin blockaded West Berlin. 321 day airlift. Stalin withdrew in 1949. Results: 2 germanys-east and west. then Berlin is :east and west berlin. led to creation of Berlin Wall to separate it.
Berlin Wall
1961, built to stop flow of refugees to west. most visible symbol of the cold war. sealed off Berlin-east and west. West Berlin was a "hole in security" to communist Soviets. Fell in Nov. 1990-triggered by flood of refugees flow E to W through Hungary. Germany began reunification process
Margaret Sanger
In 1914, she coined the world "birth control". She published The Little Blue Book advocating birth control. She was arrested in 1916 for spreading "obscene material" according the Comstock laws. She also created the Birth Control League.
Scopes Trial
local authorities indicted Tennessee teacher for teaching evolution. Jury found him guilty and assessed a small fine. William Jennings Bryan helped prosecute him. signaled the end of fundamentalism
Benito Mussolini
Father of Fascisim in modern times. Europe-Hitler modeled him. seized nat'l power in 1922. destroyed labor unions, censored press, abolished all political parties, had a secret police. 1936-Rome-Berlin Axis a pact of friendship with Hitler
Dust Bowl
name given to the areas of the prairie states that suffered ecological devestation in the 1930s. duststorms that blew the topsoil. Kansas, OK, TX, New Mexico. it triggered the largest internal migration set out to CA. result of immense drought
Fascisim
father of fascisim: Benito Mussolini. Nazi Germany, Italy & the Soviet Union. World War II, 1930s
Lusitania
In 1915, during World War I, Germany declared all the area around Britain to be a warzone and it would attack anything that moved. The Lusitania was a British liner that wasn't shot down by the Germans. It carried 128 Americans who died. Although the US waited two more years to get involved in the War, it was a factor in the decision because Germany would not stop the unrestricted submarine warfare.
Bay of Pigs
in 1960s, planned by Ike, and carried out in 61 by JFK. damaged Kennedy's reputation and sent Castro straight into the arms of the Soviets. it was a fiasco. we tried to interfere in Cuba.
AIDS Crisis
in the Reagan years, first appeared in the US in 1981. the source of the virus was from Africa. acquired immune deficiency syndrome. no known cure. most vulnerable groups: drug addicts & homosexuals. by 1993: 102, 780 deaths in US. new social and cultural developments from early 80s.
Birth of Nation
1915-movie by David Wark Grifith. Based on the novel The Clansman. About ignorant African Americans terrorized whites during reconstruction. glamorized the KKK. Great migration
Jimmy Carter
President 1976-80. known for Iran Hostage Crisis, had no national experience, left office on a bad note, he gave back Panama Canal after the 99 year lease ended. in the Camp David accords of 78 gets 1st Arab nation to recognize Israel
FDIC
emergency banking relief act. baked up banks $. today's banks must be a member. set up during the great depression by FDR. part of his New Deal during the 30s
Bataan Death March
In 1942, during WWII, on Manila Bay, General Jonathan Wainwright surrendered to the Japanese. His diseased and starving men were brutalized by their captors on the infamous Bataan Death March. an even that further fueled America's hatred of Japan.
Scotsboro Boys
In the 30s, during the Depression, people known as hobos "rode the rails". In 1932, a gang of white hobos and black hobos fought over a rail car. The black hobos won, and the white hobos, angry, went to the policy and said the black hobos had raped 2 white women. The police rounded them up, they became known as the Scotsboro boys. It was a huge travesty of justice. They were found guilty and sent to jail.
Fourteen Points
In 1919, after WWI ended, Wilson declared his 14 Points. They included: freedom of the seas, rebuild Belgium and France, self-determination for the Balkans, Poland was created, and the League of Nations was created
Return to Normalcy
After World War I 1919-20s, when Harding was President, the US and Britain returned to isolatoinism. The US economy "boomed" but Europe continued to struggle. It was the calm before the bigger storm hit: World War II

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