world history final 2
Terms
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- Magna Carta
- declared that the king and government were bound by the same laws as other citizens of England
- committee of public safety
- Established and led by Robespierre, fixed bread prices and nationalized some businesses. Basically secret police and also controlled the war effort. Instigated the Reign of Terror.
- john locke
- said people have natural rights to life, liberty,property, and have the right to overthrow bad governments
- Sui Dynasty
- overthrown quickly, mass building, grand canal
- prince metternich
- Austrian ruler and leader of the Congress of Vienna
- Block Printing
- Printing invented in China in which a printer carved words or letters on a wooden block, inked and then stamped on paper.
- estates general
- an assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France.
- Prehistoric art forms
- Painted animals they hunted on the walls of limestone caves. they made bronze weapons and jewelery.
- Song Dynasty
- technology, indust rev, iron/steel, footbinding
- bourgeoisie
- urban middle class in europe
- Confucianism
- Valued the importance of respect to one's elders. Was golden rule based:What you do not wish for yourself, do not wish on others. books & teachings called " the analects"
- shinto
- Japanese religious tradition based on respect for nature and ancestors
- Tang Dynasty
- cosmopolitan, melting pot, dominated w/trade of porcelain, buddhism but crackdown, imp maritime achievements (compass)
- Black Death
- a form of bubonic plague that spread over Europe in the 14th century and killed a quarter of the population.
- copernicus
- The universe was sun-centered, heliocentric theory
- congress of vienna
- Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon I.
- Hernan Cortes
- Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico
- tennis court oath
- an oath made in the tennis court by the third estate that they would not rest until a written constittution was formed
- footbinding
- Process of wrapping young girls feet to stop growth, led to crppiling women for life
- henry the navigator
- Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and explored the western coast of Africa.
- cultural diffusion
- the spread of apects and ideas of one culture to another area of the world.
- zen buddhism
- school of Mahayana Buddhism asserting that enlightenment can come through meditation and intuition rather than faith
- galileo galilei
- Scientist who built the first telescope and proved that planets and moons move. Persecuted for supporting Copernicus' ideas
- dias
- sailed around the tip of Africa.
- Renaissance
- a period of rebirth in europe where art and literature were expressed
- sans culottes
- patriotic working class of europe who disliked the monarchy
- bodhisattvas
- enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment
- michelangelo
- Florentine sculptor and painter and architect
- Treaty of Tordesillas
- agreement between spain and portugal to explore different lands (Spain gets west hem)
- Humanism
- a system of thought that focuses on the nature, ideals, and achievments of human beings, rather than on the devine
- Pizarro
- Spanish explorer who conqured the Incan Empire.
- mahayana buddhism
- Great Vehicle branch of Buddhism, the focus is on reverence for Buddha
- women in china
- submissive
- Egyptian art forms
- Great Sphinx 4,500 yrs. old, pyramids made of limestone. decorated/ painted scenes of everyday life, showed head and feet in porfile
- Da vinci
- Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect
- isaac newton
- discovered gravity and the three laws of motion
- Three field system
- part of the agricultural revolution; farming technique that left one field out of three sallow for a year to replenish the soil
- Christian humanism
- the belief that human freedom and individualism are compatible with Christianity
- second estate
- Nobility.
- serfdom
- feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions
- kepler
- A german astrologer who formulated the three laws of how planets revolve around the sun ( Planets did not rotate in perfect circles, The closer the planet is to the sun the faster it move, The larger the planet the slower it moves)
- Buddhism
- A religion began by "the enlightened one." Believed in 4 noble truths, & nirvana. Belived in monism
- Printing Press
- invented by Gutenburg. made producing books cheaper and faster (first book was the bible)
- declaration of the rights of man
- the document adopted by the national assembly, that stated and defined the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
- magellan
- First explorer to circumnavigate the globe
- third estate
- peasants and bourgeoisie
- Scientific revolution
- the era of scientific thought in europe during which careful observation of the natural world was made, and accepted beliefs were questioned
- enlightenment
- The intellectual revolution of the eighteenth century in which the philosophes stressed reason, natural law, and progress in their criticism of prevailing social injustices.
- Columbus
- Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to china
- Vasco de gama
- sailed from portugal to india
- Hinduism
- Major religion in india. Developed from Vedic interpretations. Brahma and Atman are seen as one in the same god. believe in reincarnation, and Darmha and Karma
- Scholasticism
- method of using reason to support christian beliefs.
- maximilien robespierre
- the leader of the bloodiest portion of the French Revolution. He set out to build a republic of virtue.
- Caravel
- Ship that allows boat to sail into wind
- louis xvi
- King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.
- first estate
- clergy
- national convention
- FRENCH FORMED GOVERNING BODY THAT ABOLISHED THE CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY, DECLARED FRANCE A REPUBLIC & EXECUTED LOUIS XVI