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WH2: Chapter 28 + 29: Questions

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What liberal changes and economic growth happened in Japan?
they moved towards a greater democracy, elected members of the diet, women- suffrage,
Explain how the Constitution of 1917 addressed this issue: labor
set a minimum wage for workers and protected their right to strike
Muslim Brotherhood
(1930's) fosters broad Islamic nationalism rejecting western cultures and denounced corruption in Egypt Gov.
Great Depression Effects on Japan
economic disaster increased discontent of military officials, trade suffered, foreign cant afford silk, unemployment rose, nationalists demanded renewed expansion
How did the Soviet government make sure that most writers and artists conformed to the style of socialist realism?
artists who ignored communist guide-lines could not get materials, work space or jobs. they also faced persecution, imprisonment, torture and exile.
Moves to Independence in India
Britain promised self-government after the war, 1885- congress party pressed for self-rule in br., af
Why did Palestine become a center of conflict?
the 1917 Balfour Declaration supported establishing in Palestine " a home for jewish peopel", conflict erupted between resident Arabs and Jews, who began moving there.
What methods did Stalin use to create a totalitarian state?
Secret police, censorship, violent purges and terror.
Why were the Bolsheviks able to seize power in November 1917?
the provisional government had lost the support of the people by continuing the war against Germany
Revolution of 1905
Nicholas II failed to fix the politcal, economic and social problems in Russia
Stalin's Propaganda
revived extreme nationalism, and radios blared into factories and billages, and in movies they heard about communist successes and the evils of capitalism
How did Gandhi organize the Salt March?
to end British control of Indian textiles
Why were many Arabs angered by decision made at the Paris Peace Conference after WWI?
the mandate system kept their lands under European control.
What special privileges did the elite Soviet society enjoy?
Had the best apartments in the cities and vacation homes. they could shop at special stores for scarce consumer goods, and good shoes
How did Franklin Roosevelt change United States policy toward Latin America?
introduced the GNP under which troops were withdrawn from Haiti and NIcaragua and the PLatt amendement which limited Cuban independence was lifted
economic nationalism in Mexico
emphasis on domestic control of the economy
Reforms in Turkey
adopted western calendar, opened secular schools and allowed women to work outside the home
How did Amritsar massacre affect the movement for Indian independence?
many indians called for full independence rather than limited self-rule within the British empire
What goals did Japanese militarists pursue at hom?
wanted to revive ancient warrior values, build a cult centered on the emperor, crack down on socialists and end most democratic freedom
What were the two promises made the to Arabs during WWI?
(1) could have own kingdom in former ottoman lands (2) 1917 balfour declaration- win suport of Euro Jews
Why did Africans resist colonial rule?
kenya and rhodesia were forced off land, and forbidden to grown profitable crops, or forced to work on Euro. plantations, they grew only cash crops with led to fammine
How did Lenin make a compromise between the ideas of capitalism and communism?
in 1921, Lenin replaced his policy of "war communism" with the New Economic Policy which allowed for some capitalist ventures in an effort to boost ouput
Explain how the Constitution of 1917 addressed this issue: religion
made church land "the property of the nation"
Egyptian Independence
During WWI, Egypt was forced to give food and water to British Workers, war ends and they strike, br, stayed to guard suez canal, br- remained real power
What was racial segregation like in Africa?
(1910-1940) whites impose racial segregation, goal was to ensure white econ. and pol. power + social supremacy
Agriculture under Stalin
brought under control, forced peasant to give up land and live on state-owned, on collectives planned to provide tractors
What were the goals of Mao Zedong?
wanted peasant support to establish a communist China
How did nationalists deal with the Great Depression?
demanded renewed expansion, and a group of Japanese army officers provoked an incident that provided the excuse to seize Manchuria
How did Lenin adapt Marxism to conditions in Russia?
called for an elite group to lead the revolution and set up a "dictatorship of the proletariat"
Explain how the Constitution of 1917 addressed this issue: land
permited the breakp of large estates, placed restrictions on foreigners owning land and allowed nationalization of natural resources
Results of Stalin's five-year plan.
impressive progress in heavy industry, the standard of living remained low, and consumer goods were scarce and poor in quality, agricultural collectives proved to be a disaster
Describe the opposing forces in the Russian civil war?
The Bolsheviks, who became known as Reds, favored a Socialist state. The appealed to nationalism and favored expelling foreigners from Russia. The Whites were counterrevolutionaries who were loyal to the czar.
What were the goals of Sun Yixian?
planned to raise an army, defeat the warlords and spread his government's rule over china. he hoped to rebuild China on the Three Principles of the People
US in the Mexican Revolution
during and after WWI- investments by the US in nations of Latin American soared. During M.R- support leaders though to protect American Interests. 1914 us attacks Vera Cruz, 1916 invades after Pancho Villa kills imprisoned us sailors
Impact of WWI
(1914) fired national pride and united russia, armies fought with enthusiasm, quick strain on resources, factpries didn't have enough supplies, transportation broke down, by (1915) low supplies of gun/ammo
What liberal changes occurred in Japan in the 1920's?
experienced greater democracy as political parties grew stronger and elected members of the Diet exerted their power. By 1925 all adult men could vote. Women gained a few rights. the economy grew and an international agreement with Britain and the US limited naval power.
What were the causes and effects of the Great Purge?
Stalin launched this to terminate anyone he considered a rival or threat. because of the millions of people he purged, his power was absolute. because stalin had assassinated many of the military leaders, russia was at a disadvantage when it was invaded in 1941 by Germany
Describe how nationalism affected Mexico.
it led to th nationalizing of the oil fields and to a new pride in Mexican culture
Why did he think the compromise between the ideas of capitalism and communism necessary?
war communism had brought the economy to a near collapse
What did Stalin use to ensure obedience?
secret police, censorship, purges and terro
Totalitarian State
gov. 1 party dictatorship regulates all aspects of a citizen's life
Describe three examples of the rise of nationalism in Africa.
Pan-Africanism emphasized the unity of Africans and people of African descent. A Pan-African Congress called on Paris peacemakers to approve a charter of rights for Africans. Negritude writers awakened pride in African roots.
What social changes occurred in Mexico after 191?
helped indians regain lost land, supported labor unions, fought against illiteracy, set up schools and librarys,
Reforms in Iran
adopted western alphabet and secular law and built factories
What were the causes of the March Revolution?
Russia's massive defeats in WWI, food and fuel shortages and low confidence in the government.
What goals did Japaneses militarists pursue overseas?
invaded China, hoping to build an Asian empire
How did the new republic of China fall into chaos after 1912?
in 1912 Sun Yixian resigned in favor of General Yuan Shikai. Yuan tried unsuccessfully to set up a new ruling dynasty with himself as emperor. After Yuan dies, local warloards battled for control, the economy collapsed and famine spread
Who made up the new elite in Soviet society?
Members of the Communist party, small amount of citizens, industrial managers, military leaders, scientists and some artists and writers.
How did Africans resist the impact of colonialism?
people squatted on European plantations, city workers formed labor unions, and they staged protests and occasionally as in the women's war revolted
March 1917
1st of 2 revolutions to topple Romanov dynasty
Why did Jiang side with the Communists after 1931?
Japan's invasion of China forced him to form a united front with the communist against invaders
What reforms were made in Iran?
inspired by Ataturks, won better oil terms, later share of money
How did Soviet foreign policy lead to difficult relations with the West?
the Comintern's loud propaganda against capitalism made western powers highly suspicious of the Soviet Union. The fact that Lenin and Stalin kept secret that their ultimate goal was to bring about world-wide revolution did not sit well with world powers
Bolshevik Takeover
Nov, 1917- the red guards joined mutionous sailors from Russia fleets attacking provisional government, days later, Lenin overthrew gov., in petrograd gov meets at winter palace, the temp government failed, no struggle
How did Gandhi revive Indian pride?
by wearing traditional cotton clothing made in India, by urgin others to do the same and by urging them to boycott British textiles
Describe three causes of the Mexican Revolution
Reasants desired land, factory workers and miners wanted higher wages, middle-class liberals favored democracy
What were the goals of Jiang Jieshi?
wanted to reunite and rule China, defreating the local warlords, the communists and the Japanese
Goals of Stalin's five-year plans.
Building heavy industry, improving transportation and increasing farm output

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