Rome 1
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- Crossing the Rubicon
- When Caesar reentered Italy with his legions throwing Rome into a civil war. Point of no return
- Censors
- Group of 100 soldiers
- Ptolemy
- Killed Pompey, Cleopatra's brother
- Patrician
- Wealthy land owners, higher class
- Assembly of Tribes
- Made up of plebeians
- Veto
- Deny, Refuse
- Centurion
- One Soldier
- Marcus Aurelius
- 5th/Last of the 5 good Emperors. Ruled from 161-180. Very philosophical, but still persecuted Christians.
- Vespansian
- Ruled from 69-29. Puts down revolt in Gaul, captured Jews who builds colosseum over Nero's old palace.
- Battle of Actium
- Battle between Marcus Antony and Octavian for control of the empire. Octavian won in 31 B.C.
- First Triumvirate
- Pompey, Crassus, Caesar ruled rome together.
- Caligula
- Emperor from 37-41. AKA Gaius, was crazy, mentally ill and perverted.
- Aqueducts
- Carried water from hills into city
- Laws of the 12 Tables
- 450 B.C. Laws for everybody, posted in forum.
- Domitian
- Ruled from 81-96. Very crazy, awful ruler, takes peoples property, builds new stadium, reigns with terror, very cruel to people.
- Titus
- Ruled from 79-81. Dies of Plague
- Assembly of Centuries
- The military assembly. They elected the consuls of Rome. Made up of Patricians and Plebeians.
- Trajan
- 2nd of the 5 good Emperors. Ruled from 98-117. Born in spain, great general and statesman, builds huge column, restores harbors, improves water supply.
- Corsica, Sicily, Sardina
- 3 islands on the outskirts of Italy. Rome gained control of them in First Punic War.
- Julius Caesar
- Conquers Gaul, becomes governor there, invades britain (55 B.C. not successful), makes changes in senate, in rome issues new coins, revises calendar, declares himself dictator for life, killed on March 15, 44 B.C. (stabbed 23 times)
- Pax Romana
- Time period of roman peace. 27 BC to 180 AD.
- Vene, Vidi, Vici
- "I came, I saw, I conquered"
- Remus
- Romulus's brother
- Tiberius
- 14-37 A.D. Never happy, took control at age 50, did not want to rule, was a general, does help people though, had treason trials (bad), retires and rules from Capri.
- Spartacus
- A captured soldier who was turned into a gladiator, Led revolt of 5,000 slaves for two years but was defeated. Killed thousands of rome. Was crucified with army on main rome.
- Romulus
- Founding father of Rome in 753 B.C.
- Commodus
- Ruled 180-192. Very crazy man, had lots of affairs, loved to fight, thought he was hercules, his reign started period of roman decline.
- Cleopatra
- Pretty, smart, no many can resist her, Egyptian Pharaoh, had Caesar's child, after Caesar was assassinated she fell in love with Marc Antony, committed suicide after told Marc Antony killed himself
- Cato the Elder
- Roman statesman who hated Carthage and started the Third Punic War
- Consuls
- Two leaders in charger, day to day government, power to veto each other, one term at a time.
- Latins
- The people from Latium
- Plebeians
- Common people, farmers. Lower class
- Crassus
- Good business man, owned fire department
- First Punic War
- 264 B.C. - 241 B.C., Rome and Carthage fought over island of Sicily, was a naval war, Rome was losing because they did not have a good navy, Romans figured out how to board the Carthage ships and fight them there, Romans gained control of Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia (Islands)
- Legion
- 5000 Soldiers
- Claudius
- Ruled from 41-54. Had actual deformities, decent ruler, built harbor, roads, extended citizenship to people of Gaul, built more aqueducts, conquers Britain, has 4 wives.
- Princips
- "first citizen". The title given to Octavian in 31 B.C.
- Latifundia
- Large Farms/Plantations
- Tiberius and Gaius Gracchos
- Brothers from a wealthy family that fought for the rights of the lower classes
- Antonius Pius
- 4th of the 5 good Emperors. Ruled from 138-161. Very peaceful, "reign without events", all subjects were innocent until guilty, believe slaves had rights too.
- Second Punic War
- 218 B.C. - 202 B.C., Hannibal decides to attack Rome, Sneaks through Gaul with 60,000 troops and 60 Elephants, Wreaks havoc in Rome for 15 years, Roman general named Scipio attacked Carthage making Hannibal come back to Carthage
- Etruscans
- Came from north, took over and set up monarchy. Rome hated them. Influenced development of Roman civilization, Ruled over Rome for almost 100 years
- Pompey
- Wealthy, Great General
- Senate
- Served for life, could choose dictator in crisis, law making body. Only Patricians
- Hadrian
- 3rd of the 5 good Emperors. Ruled from 117-138. Very peaceful, believe in civilizing citizens not conquering the world, builds huge wall across england, builds temples, makes villas and marketplace.
- Caesar
- Excellent general, made friends with common people, helped out, gave food.
- Scipio
- Roman General who forced Hannibal to leave by attacking Carthage
- Hannibal
- Carthage General, hated roman's. Lead second punic war.
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla
- General that won victories for rome. (Social War, 90-80 B.C.) Dictator until he got things back on track.
- Nero
- Emperor from 54-68. Kills mother because she tries to rule through him, took three attempts, was very cruel to people, tried to make himself a god, kills wife, conquers boudica, burned down part of Rome to build a new palace, blamed fire on the Christians, persecuted Christians, committed suicide.
- Tarquin the Proud
- The last Etruscan king who was thrown out in 509B.C.
- Praetors
- Appointed by Senate to take temporary control of Rome
- Dictator
- Had all power for six months (in crisis)
- Marc Antony
- Controls East, met Cleopatra and fell in lust, had twins, treated like a king by her
- Second Triumvirate
- Octavian, Lepidus, Marc Antony ruled together.
- Augustus
- 27 B.C.- 14 A.D. "exalted one". Title given to Octavian, Roman statesman who became first Emperor, issues new coins, postal service, police/fire department, lived modest life.
- Nerva
- 1st of the 5 good Emperors. Ruled from 96-98. Tries to help poor people, thinks girls should go to school.
- Cincinatus
- First Dictator of rome. Served 17 days.
- Lepidus
- Controls northern Africa
- Octavian
- Part of Second Triumvirate (controlled western europe), Julius Caesar's heir. (Augustus becomes his name)
- Hamilcar
- Cathiginain general who hated Rome. Raised his son Hannibal to hate Rome and promise to avenge the First Punic War.
- Tribune
- A representative for the Plebeians in the senate
- Gaul
- Currently France, Caesar conquers and becomes governor.
- Carthage
- Originally called the Phoenicians, rome went to war with them .