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History ID's

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Pancho Villa
Mexican revolutionary chased by Pershing and the U.S. army.
14 points
Wilson's plan for peace. Freedom of the seas (no tariff). Removal of trade barriers. Armaments of reduction. Impartial adjustment of colonial claims. Central Powers excavated occupied lands and allowed self-determination. league of nations which wasnt agreed apon.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement to outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928. Sometimes called the Pact of Paris for the city in which it was signed, the pact was one of many international efforts to prevent another World War, but it had little effect in stopping the rising militarism of the 1930s or preventing World War II.
big stick diplomacy
Known as a threat of military force to influence political events in other countries TR foreign policy
Great Depression
the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
Social Security
New Deal program which set-up pensions for older Americans. Social welfare program
"Cash and Carry"
U.S. neutrality policy. They wanted to stay out of the war. In order to do so they had their allies come on their own ships and pay cash for supplies to take it back.
Ho Chi Minh
The leaderof the Viet Minh.
Civil Rights Act 1964
No public discrimination, and the desegregation of public facilities such as schools, hotels, and restaurants. Didnt pass under Kennedy because southern delegates wanted to get re-elected. Johnson got it through.
Bay of Pigs
A plan to invade Cuba in order to get rid of Castro and spark a rebellion. However, the invasion failed because Castro had some idea. The Cubians on the coast turned in the invaders who were soldiers in their 40s and never fought before. Kennesdy was to blame for the fiasco.
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese where in the railroad business and took manual jobs. They were seen as a threat to employment and a completely different culture. In 1882 the U.S. halted the immigration of the Chinese for 10 years.
peaceful coexistance
t
Henry Cabot Lodge
conservative senator who wanted to keep the united states out of the league of nations
Andrew Carnegie
Steel industry. Used the Bessemer process (pig iron & air) to make steel, cheaper. Bought his competition. Started out sweeping floors. Philanthropist (believe in giving), gave $60 million to schools and libraries.
George Wallace
t
Central Powers
An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Bulgaria, and later Turkey (known as the Ottoman Empire)
Tet offensive
In February 1968, the Viet Cong launced a major offensive in the cities of South Vietnam. Although caught by surprise, American and South Vietnam forces successfully quashedthis attack, yet it was a blow to American public opinion and led President Johnson to end the escalation of the war and seek a negotiated peace.
Suez Crisis
When President Nasser of Egypt announced his intention to build a dam in the Suez to provide power and irrigation to Egypt. The US offered financial support, withdrawing it when Nasser spoke with the Communists on the subject. Nasser responded by nationalizing the Suez canal, which was previously owned by British and French stockholders. This hurt Europe by crippling their oil supply. The French and British retaliated by striking Egypt, confident that the United States would supply them with the oil they needed while they fought with the Middle East. President Eisenhower refused to do so, forcing the allies to withdraw their troops. As a result, U.N. troops acted for the first time to maintain peace and order in the world. Soviets tried to interfere and Eisenhown put the Strategic Air Command on alert.
irreconcilables
Republicans who wanted no part with the League of Nations. They were a burden to the vote on the League of Nations and had a part in its failure to pass.
Red Scare
A fear that the immigrants would be communist and bring their beliefs to the U.S.
Knights of Labor
Skilled & unskilled (no leverage). Went on strike (Haymarket Square). Labeled as violent and leaders were executed. Fell apart after strike. Formed unionism.
George Dewey
U.S. naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines
watergate
CREEP broke into the Democratic National Headquarters to bug it and steal files. Article ran in the Washington Post but the reporters Woodward and Bernstein kept digging. They were helped by someone in the FBI and met in the parking deck and found out that the person who broke in was in the CIA. Nixon kept tapes of his conversation in the oval office. It went to trial but Nixon tried to argue he had an "executive privilege" giving him the right to privacy and didnt have to release his tapes. The supreme court rules 9-0 saying he had to release the tapes which revealed he attempted to cover up the investigation which was a felony. The tapes never reavealed Nixon initiated Watergate. It took down Nixon, his attorney general and the head of the FBI. Nixon resigned.
Khrushchev
Premier of Russia, came close to war with US over Cuban Missile Crisis
OPEC
oil cartel made up of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum
Eugene Debs
Founder of the American Railway Union.
League of Nations
guaranteed independence and territorial integrity of all countries
Court-Packing Scheme
After the court case w/Schecter Roosevelt was upset w/the ruling of the Supreme Court. However, he couldnt remove anyone so he wanted to add more people to the Supreme Court (pack the court), but it didn't go through.
W.E.B. Du Bois
Believed in total equality; political and social. First black to graduate from Harvard. Didn't feel Washington demanding enough.
Dupuy de Lome
Spanish minister in Washington who wrote a private letter to a friend concerning President McKinley and how he lacked good faith. The discovery of his letter strained Spanish-American relations, which helped initiate the Spanish-American War.
Scopes trial
"monket trial" Scopes was teachin Darwinism in school but the state law said one could only teach old testiment views. Argument over whether the law was constitional. Scopes was found guilty and given a $100 fine.
Eisenhower Doctrine
The doctrine stated that the United States would use armed forces upon request in response to imminent or actual aggression to the United States. Furthermore, countries that took stances opposed to Communism would be given aid in various forms.
Alger Hiss
Accused of being a Russian spy and aiding the Soviets w/secret information. He wasn't convicted of espionage because there was no proof. However, he was convicted of perjury.
J.P. Morgan
Investment banker. Took over many railroads. Bought Carnegie Steel Co. for $400 million. Bought stock and invested.
Clayton Anti-trust Act
law that weakend monopolies and upheld rights of unions
Francis Townsend
retired physician who developed a plan in which the government would give monetary resources to senior citizens ages sixty and over. Pushed FDR to move the New Deal to help people directly and laid the foundations of the creation of Social Security.
Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force
Father Coughlin
Catholic priest on CBS radio who criticized Roosevelt. Blamed the debt on Jewish people.
energy crisis
t
Jane Addams
Owned one of the best known settlement houses which was a social reform in Chicago in the 1900.
Medicaid
Healthcare insurance for poor
Progressives
People who want change for the better, reforms. They think people are good but society needs to do better and can.
Midway
June 4-7, 1942. The turning point of WWII. The US had control of a landing strip half way between Japan and the US which was a strategic island to have and the Japanese wanted it. Nimitz(US) and Yamamoto (Japan) who were the commanders fought over the island in an air and water battle. The US cracked Japanese codes. The Japanese lost 4 aircraft carriers and retreated.
Booker T. Washington
Mixed. Believed in economic equality; blacks should learn a trade lead to respect from whites. Accommodation Policy-work with whites. More conservative, less offensive.
Prohibition
A social reform. The WCTU and anti-saloon league protested against the use of alcohol. Led to the creation of the 18th amendment which prohibited the make, sell, and transport of alcohol.
reservationists
These were Republicans who wanted no part with the League of Nations unless there were some changes.
Treaty of Versailles
Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.
Cuban Missile Crisis
Soviets set up missiles in Cuba because the U.S. had missiles in Turkey and might invade Cuba. The U.S. sent a U-2 over Cuba and set up a quarantine of military supplies entering Cuba. The Soviets agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba if the U.S. agreed not to invade. The Soviet also wanted the removal of missiles in Turkey.
My Lai massacre
Occured in Vietnam in 1968. A group of U.S. soldiers massacred a village of over 200 Vietnamese civilians.
Camp David Accord
Ford got Sadat (Egypt) and Menachem (Israel) to come together to make peace. Egypt recognized Israel and Israel gave back territory and the Sinai peninsula.
War on poverty
t
John Rockefeller
Owned 95% of the oil industry. Forced out competition by dropping prices and buying them out. Made own supplies.
John Pershing
American commander who chased Villa through Mexico
Lee Harvey Oswald
k
Underwood Tariff
Was passed in 1913 and reduced the tariffs to the lowest they had been in 50 years. Because the government got the money they needed from the tariffs congress introduced something that would get taxes depending on an individual's income.
"massive retaliation"
Threatened to bomb North Korea with atomic bomb in order to try and obtain peace in Korea.
Spanish Civil War
war between monarchs and socialists where General Franco overthrew the republican government in spain that hitler used as a testing site for new war technologies
"Butcher" Weyler
A harsh general for the Spanish. He butchered the Cubans. He was a reason the U.S. got involved in the Spanish-American War.
Vertical Integration
The process Rockerfeller used in order to "pay nobody a profit," by making their own supplies.
workmen's compensation
c
Huey Long
Kingfish, a corrupt senator and governor of Louisana. He believed in "share the wealth" which takes the money from the rich and gives it to the poor. He gave $5000 to every family and $25000 workers, which was a one time deal. He was later killed.
Victoriano Huerta
Took over the Mexican Government after Madero's death. Responsible for Madero's death.
John Hay
Secretary of State. Came up with the open door policy referring to China. He thought the countries should respect the commercial and territorial integrity of China. Most of the countries were ok with the policy.
Viet Cong
Communist guerrillas in South Vietnam
Volstead Act
Andrew Volstead, a leading Republican member of the House of Representatives, was the author of the National Prohibition Act (also known as the Volstead Act) that was passed by Congress in 1919. The law prohibited the manufacture, transportation and sale of beverages containing more than 0.5 per cent alcohol. The act was condemned by a large number of the American population who considered it a violation of their constitutional rights.
Berlin Airlift
Soviets had a blockade in Western Berlin. The US airlifted 1.5 million tons of supplies for ten months into Berlin.
Martin Luther King Jr.
A nonviolent civil rights activist who wanted equality for everyone. Later assassinated.
Second Front
c
SDI
Strategic defense initiative which Reagan spent alot of money on. Satellite defense system.
Schneck v. U.S.
1919. Schneck was convicted of circulation anit-draft leaflets to members of Armed Forces.
containment
Created by Truman to prevent the spread of Communism. Contain communism and stop the spread of it.
New South
The south was starting to modernize. More people began moving from the rural area to urban cities. No longer heavily relying on agriculture
Brown vs. Board of Education
A case when separate but equal was not ok. A little black girl was not aloud to go to the closest school because it was an all white school which was an inconvenience for her family. It was a class action suit (many people). The case went to the Supreme Court. Brown argued of the 14th amendment which stated that if a born US citizen one has equal rights. The court rules 9-0 and Brown won. However the court moved "with all deliberate speed" (moved with caution).
interment policy
relocation of Japanese into camps
Gideon vs. Wainwright
Gideon broke into a venting machine and stole money but in Florida he had no right to an attorney. Gideon was found guilty and sentenced to 5 years in jail. He did some research and appealed his case. The Supreme Court ruled that it was not a capital crime but still a felony so Gideon has a right to an attorney. He was later released for good behavior.
flappers
new woman of the 1920s, sassy
"Big Three"
c
1902 coal strike
k
Haymarket Riot
1886. Workers from the Knights of Labor went on strike. 5 killed and police officers. Knights labeled as violent. 7 leaders executed.
New Freedom
c
Teller Amendment
Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war
North African Campaign
British and American invasion to hurt Nazi & Italian forces, no Soviets
New Frontier
The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights.
Détente
A policy which attempt to ease the tension and competition between Soviets and US or peaceful coexistence
"three R's"
c
Chiang Kai-shek
Nationalists leader of China put in charge by the US to set up a government. However he was corrupt and took the $2 billion the US gave him. The "lesser of two evils". Ran out of China by Mao.
Zimmermann Telegram
In 1917, the German Foreign Secretary sent what was supposed to be a secret message to the government of Mexico. He asked Mexico to attack the US, and Germany would in turn, get back Texas. The message was intercepted by the British, who gave it to the US, and it was one of the major reasons the US entered WWI.
Upton Sinclair
muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.
Boxer Rebellion
A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.
Normandy invasion
June 6, 1944. "Operation Overload" An attempt to liberate France and create a 2nd front in WWII. Eisenhower was the commander. Germany was in the concrete alcove and thought we'd attack at Calais. US, Britain, France, Russia, and Canada came from three directions unleashing the "whole nine yards."
Yalta 1945
The conference at Yalta held in the Crimea on February 4-11, 1945 brought together the Big Three Allied leaders. During this conference, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt discussed Europe's postwar reorganization. The main purpose of Yalta was the re-establishment of the nations conquered and destroyed by Germany. The Yalta Conference agreed to divide Germany into zones controlled by each of the three nations present
Schecter v. U.S.
Schnecter owned the poultry packing company and was accused of selling sick chickens, violating the NIRA. The federal government got involved and Schecter ruled it was unconstitutional because Roosevelt chose the codes for the NIRA. The Supreme Court agreed since Schecter sales were instate where the federal government had no jurisdicition. Schecter won.
stock market crash
1929. caused by over production. more expenses going out than the revenues.
George Custer
Led an exploring expedition into the Black Hills. He found the main encampment of the Sioux during the Great Sioux War. They separated him from his main body of men. He and 210 soldiers were surrounded by 2500 warriors and annihilated.
Pullman Strike
1894 in Illnois the railroad company raised the rent and prices at the grocery store. They laid off 3000-5000 workers. All of which led to a strike, but the company brought in people to work (scabs). The workers joined the American Railway Union, which wasn't successful, they caved in paying 10% more.
"buying on the margin"
c
Plessy v. Ferguson
Homer Plessy who 1/8th black, was riding in a railroad car for whites only. Conductor felt he was an African American and asked him to get off. Homer refused and was arrested. Supreme Court decided "separate but equal" is ok. Plessy lost.
Taft Hartley Act
The Act was passed over the veto of Harry S. Truman on the 23rd June, 1947. When it was passed by Congress, Truman denounced it as a "slave-labor bill". The act declared the closed shop illegal and permitted the union shop only after a vote of a majority of the employees. It also forbade jurisdictional strikes and secondary boycotts. Other aspects of the legislation included the right of employers to be exempted from bargaining with unions unless they wished to. The act forbade unions from contributing to political campaigns and required union leaders to affirm they were not supporters of the Communist Party. This aspect of the act was upheld by the Supreme Court on 8th May, 1950.
Sedition Act
An act the disabled critizism of the govenment but it went against the 1st amendment.
Rolling thunder
t
free silver
A short term solution. Wanted to put silver into circulation instead of paper money. However, is was not free because it could cause inflation of prices of goods and deflation of the value of money. Decided not to put silver into circulation.
Vietnamization
Nixon's plan for the U.S. to slowly ease out of the war and let South Vietnam take control.
Miranda vs. Arizona
t
38th parallel
t
Douglas MacArthur
he was fired after he criticized Truman for not using nuclear weapons against North Korean
Panama Canal
Wanted a faster route to make trade easier. The French started to build it but it was too expensive. The U.S. took over the project but couldn't build it in Nicaragua. Panama was owned by Columbia, so the US offered $10 million but they wanted $25 million. A civil war occurred and we helped them out and Panama got their independence.
New Immigration
The industrial revolution brought new immigrants from all over the world. The new foreign comers provided much-needed labor but also provoked racial & ethnic tensions.
Reaganomics
Reagan spent more money on the arms race (SDI), cut taxes for corporate businessmen, which put the U.S. in great debt.
Pearl Harbor
The 7 December 1941 Japanese raid on Pearl Harbor was one of the great defining moments in history. A single carefully-planned and well-executed stroke removed the United States Navy's battleship force as a possible threat to the Japanese Empire's southward expansion. America, unprepared and now considerably weakened, was abruptly brought into the Second World War as a full combatant
Gilded Age
The last 3rd of the nineteenth century. An age of entrepreneurs.
TVA
Tennessee Valley Authority Act. The federal government took over powerplants, power consumption, waterplant on Tenn River. Intervening in privately owned businesses.
nuclear test-ban treaty
t
Mao tse tung
Pesant that ran Chiang out of China into Taiwan. A communist that took over China.
Fidel Castro
Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a communist government in Cuba
Little Rock 1957
t
Henry Ford
After the war he became increasingly interested in politics. He joined the Democratic Party and in 1918 was narrowly defeated when he failed to win a seat in the U.S. Senate.
Truman Doctrine
President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism. The US gave $400 million to Greece and Turkey to stabilize their economy and build their government.
Pentagon papers
t
Roe vs. Wade
t
Sussex Ultimatum
Threatened Germany if they attacked or sank another ship the US would take action
Open Door Policy
All wanted territory; Germany who was a threat and rival was looking to expand. Hay came up with an idea for an even playing field. The policy allows everyone to trade w/no tariffs. Almost all the countries were ok with the policy.
SALT
t
Dollar Diplomacy
Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries
The Jungle
a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.
Iran-contra incident
The affair was the product of two separate initiatives during the administration of President Ronald Reagan. The first was a commitment to aid the contras who were conducting a guerrilla war against the Sandinista government of Nicaragua. The second was to placate "moderates" within the Iranian government in order to secure the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon and to influence Iranian foreign policy in a pro-Western direction.
War Powers Act
Legislation passed in 1973 restricting the US president's powers to deploy US forces abroad for combat without prior Congressional approval. The president is required to report to both Houses of Congress within 48 hours of having taken such action. Congress may then restrict the continuation of troop deployment despite any presidential veto. ~President Richard Nixon's veto
CREEP
Committee to re-elect the president. Bugged the Democratic National Headquarters and broke in to steal files.
Teapot Dome
Oil reserves in Wyoming. The Sec. of Interior Albert Fall leased the land to oil companies. Congress found out and sent Fall to military jail.
Atlantic charter
1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war
Albert Fall
Secretary of the Interior who leased the land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming. Corrupt. Got $400 grand from oil companies. Sent to military jail
Russo-Japanese War
c
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
raised tariffs to their highest levels in US history. Its proponents, including President Hoover, believed that the high tariffs would help American industry and agriculture in a time of severe depression. In fact, the opposite occurred. As the United States was a net exporter of both agricultural goods and industrial products, the ensuing worldwide tariff war simply lengthened the depression.
Sacco and Vanzetti
Italian anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were arrested outside Boston in 1920 and charged with robbing and killing a shoe factory paymaster and his guard. Though a prosecutor insisted they would be tried for murder and "nothing else," their radical politics remained a focus of the 1921 trial.
Iranian hostage crisis
Iranian protestors overran the U.S. Embassy because the U.S. helped the Shah into power who was a harsh ruler. Khomeni overthru the Shah. Carter couldnt resolve the crisis so he appealed to the UN. The UN intervened but Iran refused to release the hostages. The U.S. tried an embargo and helicopter resure mission which both werent successful. Released the hostages the day Reagan was sworn into office.
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance that was formed by the Allies due to the alarm of communist control in Eastern Europe. Made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country.
George S. Patton
c
Great Society
Johnson's domestic policy which included Medicaid, Medicare, the Civil Rights Act, and the Voting Rights Act.
Ngo Dinh Diem
t
Robber Barons
Nickname for the super wealthy in the gilded age. Corporate business men who schemed to make money.
Emergency Immigration Act 1921
restricts new arrivals to 3% of existing foreign-born from any one nationality in 1910 Census.
Glass-Stegall Act
c
Kent State 1970
An anti-war protest broke out at Kent State in reaction to the bombing of the trail in Cambodia and North Vietnam. The National Guard was caleding in and killed four students.
Charles Lindbergh
First man to fly the Atlantic Solo
The Maine
An explosion from a mine in the Bay of Havanna crippled the warship Maine. The U.S. blamed Spain for the incident and used it as an excuse to go to war with Spain.
U-2 incident
An US spy or reconnaissance plane which went into Soviet territory. The U-2 plane was shot down with a surface air missile. Gary Powers, the pilot, survived and was put on trial in Russia, but the punishment for espionage was death. The USSR didnt kill Gary but used him as propaganda.
Battle of Bulge
c
Big Four
David Lloyd George (Eng.) George Clemenceau (FR.) Vittorio Orlando (Italy) Wilson (US)
"Cross of Gold"
7
Williams J. Bryan
5
New Deal
Franklin Roosevelt's economic reform program designed to solve the problems of the Great Depression. Bring hope and relief
Rosa Parks
An African American woman who was arrested for not giving up her seat on a bus to a white person. Her actions led to a Montgomery bus boycott, and finally, the Supreme Court's ruling in Novemeber 1956 that segregation on transportation is unconstitutional.
20th Amendment
says president and Congress will take office as soon as they are elected
Federal Reserve Act
c
medicare
Healthcare insurance plan for the elderly
Al Capone
United States gangster who was wanted for the illegal sale of alcohol until arrested for tax evasion
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Called the "commodore," a railroad baron, he moved his money into land transport. His great achievement was consolidating separate trunk lines into a single powerful rail network.
Thomas Edison
Invented the phonograph in 1877, and the 1st successful light bulb in 1879. He created and perfected many devices and processes that helped American businesses.
joseph mccarthy
United States senator who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communists
AAA
Agricultural Adjustment Act 1933. A tax onn businesses which was created to give farmers money to stop producition. Plow under program (burn crops).Farm income increaces along with prices.
Malcolm X
A Black Panther, civil rights activists who was not nonviolent protestor. He took violent and drastic measure of protest like using guns. Later he was assassinated.
Marcus Garvey
"the new-negro" He believed in black nationalism, and the separation of whites and blacks. He wanted to go back to Africa. He founded a steamline that took those who wanted to return to Africa, but it wasnt successful. He was convicted of mail fraud.
Platt Amendment
gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs anytime there was a threat to life, property, and individual liberty
19th Amendment
c
Ku Klux Klan 1920's
Organized in 1866 by some young men in Pulaski, Tenn as a social club. Began to spread rapidly throughout the south. They spread rumors, harassed blacks, wrecked violence, and destruction. Helped influence the Emergency Immigration Act and were against anyone who wasnt a WASP (White Anglo-Saxon Protestant).
Lusitania
1915 British ship sank by Germany killing more than 100 people. US refrained from entering the war
CCC
Civilian Conservation Corps. Provided temporary jobs for young men between 18-25. Did physically demanding jobs to help the public; all projects mainly for conservation. Paid by the government, money came from debt. Worked to a cetain degree, FDR wanted to bring relief and hope.
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
To make up for previous injustices and discriminations the U.S. this policy. It created opportunities for those discriminated against.
recall, referendum
A political reform which allows the public can initiate legislation at a local and state level. However, it wasnt binding they just wanted to hear what the public had to say. Officials can be removed by petition.
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
c
Sputnik
The first satellite to orbit the earth. A Russian satellite.
muckrakers
Journalists. Henry Lloyd was the examiner of Standard Oil Co. and other monopolies. He revealed the municipal corruption. Jacob Riis exposed slum conditions.
Sitting Bull
Chief of the Sioux
Lend-Lease Act
On 11th March 1941, Congress passed the Act. The legislation gave President Franklin D. Roosevelt the powers to sell, transfer, exchange, lend equipment to any country to help it defend itself against the Axis powers.
Cold War
A tension between the USSR and the US. Communism vs. Capitalism. 1945-1985
Immigration Quota Act 1924
passed in 1924--cut quotas for foreigners from 3 % to 2% of the total number of immigrants in 1890--purpose was to freeze America's existing racial composition (which was largely Northern European) --prevented Japanese from immigrating, causing outrage in Japan.
Iwo Jima
a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945)
Mean Inspection Act
k
Pure Food and Drug Act
forbade the maufacture, sale or transportation, of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients; also required food and med containers to have accurate labels and be inspected
Wabash v. Illinois
The Court ruled that a state could not regulate the rates of railroads engaged in interstate commerce.
AF of L
(American Federation of Labor) Skilled workers only (bargaining power). Against unionism.
March of Washington
t
Dawes Act
Proposed to introduce the Indians to individual land ownership and agriculture. It permitted the president to divide the lands of any tribe and grant 160 acres to each head of the family and lesser the amounts to others. To protect an Indian's property the government held it in trusts for 25 years.
Good Neighbor Policy
FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region
Samuel Gompers
Head of AF of L
Marshall Plan
The US gave $13 billion to help stabilize European countries. Believed the lesser amout of poor would stop the appeal of communism.
Potsdam 1945
On 16 July 1945, the "Big Three" leaders met at Potsdam, Germany, near Berlin. In this, the last of the World War II heads of state conferences, President Truman, Soviet Premier Stalin and British Prime Ministers Churchill and Atlee discussed post-war arrangements in Europe, frequently without agreement. Future moves in the war against Japan were also covered. The meeting concluded early in the morning of 2 August.

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