History, Section 13
Terms
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- ____ ____________ __ began ruling Russia
- Czar Nicholar II
- family name was
- romanov
- Followers of the ideas of ___ ____ organized two major political parties
- Karl Marx
- name these two major political parties that were formed by the followers of the ideas of Karl Marx
-
Bolsheviks
Mensheviks - name the leader of the Bolsheviks
- Vladimir Lenin
- Revolution of _______
- 1905
- In 1905 the ____ ___________ ____ (which Russia later ___) was making the ______ governments even more ___________
- Russo-Japanese war (which Russia later lost) was making the czarist governments even more unpopular
- Thousands of __________ _______ marched the czar's palace to ask for better _____ _________ and _________ ________
- factory workers marched to the czar's palace to ask for better working conditinos and better pay
- The czar was _______ ____
- not there
- Although the group was _________, soldiers killed ________. This was later called _________ _________
-
peaceful, soldiers killed hundreds
Called Bloody Sunday - ________ and _________ occurred throughout the country
- strikes and riots
- _______ were organized
- Soviets
- Define a Soviet
- Groups or councils of workers that voiced worker's complaints
- This document was released by Nicholas II
- October Manifest
- The October Manifest included (2) things
-
1. A constitution which would guarantee more rights
2. A Parliament called the Duma would make laws - Later the czar would little power to this group
- Duma
- The Revolution ended. Conditions changed ________
- little
- World war one was _________ due to the many Russian _________ and the _______ _______ of the war and the __ government
- unpopular due to the many russian casualities and the bad management ofthe war and the czar government
- ________ _ personally took command of the ________ _______. He left his ___ in control of the government
- Nicholas II personally took command of the Russian troops.He left his wife in control of the government
- Alexandra ( the czarina) allowed _________ _________ (Grigori) tohave much influence in the government
- Gregory Rasputin
- Rasputin had the ability to help ________
- Alexis
- Son of Nicholas and Alexandra
- Alexis
- Heir to the throne
- Alexis
- had hemophilia
- Alexis
- ___________ was unpopular with many _________ and on December 1916 he was assassinated
- Rasputin, Russians
- March Revolution of _____
- 1917
- in march 1917 ____ broke out
- riots
- Czar was forced to __________
- abdicate
- A ___________ (temporary) government was organized
- provisional
- Was not Communist
- the provisional government
- Continued Russia's involvement in WW1q
- The provisoinal government
- The Germans arranged for ____ the Bolshevik leader, to return to Russia in April 1917
- Lenin
- Lenin had been in exile in ____________
- Switzerland
- Lenin promised the __________ that if he took over ________, then he would withdraw _______ from World War I
- Germans that if he took over Russia, he would withdraw Russia from WWI
- This was Lenin's slogan
- "Peace, bread and land"
- Lenin called for Russia's _________ _________ ______________, _________ for everbody, and _____ for the peasants
- withdrawal from WWIL, food for everybody and land for the peasants
- ________ Revolution of 19___
- November Revultion of 1917
- Also called the Bolshevik Revolution
- November Revolution of 1917
- Overthrew the provisional government
- Bolsheviks
- Leader of the provisional government
- Alexander Kerensky
- Fled Russia
- Alexander Kerensky
- Later lived the U.S.
- Alexander Kerensky
- Who became the new Russian leader
- Lenin
- negotiated a peace treaty with Germnay by which Russia withdrew from WWI
- Lenin
- negotiated a peace treaty with __________ by which Russia withdrew from _____
- Germany by which Russia withdrew from WWI
- Lost much territory as a result of the treaty
- Russia
- Became known as Communists
- Bolsheviks
- controlled the government but a civil war was fought between the ______ and those who opposed them
- Bolsheviks controlled the government-war was fought between the Bolsheviks
- name for the communist army
- The Reds
- __________ executed the czar and his family
- Communists
- Rumors said that
- one or more of the family members escaped
- Dozens of people claimed to be the daighter named
- Anastasia
- It is highly _________ that any of the family members ____________
- unlikely-members escaped
- Millions died from _____, _________ and __________ during the _________ _________ ______
- disease, warefare and starvation during the Russian Civil War
- Thousands suspected of opposing the Bolsheviks were _________
- executed
- Communists attempted to abolish ____________
- religion
- Because of the drastic problems facing Russia, Lenin began the ____
- NEC
- What did the NEP stand for?
- New Economic Policy
- who started teh NEP?
- Lenin
- rUSSIA became known as the
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
- A power struggle developed between _____ _________ and ________ _________ over who would take Lenin's place
- Leon Trotsky and Joseph Lenin
- ________ exiled _________ to Siberia
- Stalin exiled Trotsky
- Stalin then _____ trotsky to Siberia
- expelled
- _________ was dictator of the USSR until his death
- Stalin
- assassinated while living in mexico
- trotsky
- Stalin was ____, _____ and _________
- shrewd, ruthless, and paranoid
- Ended the NEP
- Stalin
- set goals in quotas for agriculture and industry
- NEP, set by Stalin
- ___________ _________- increased tremendously though many products were of poor quality
- industrial production
- ________ ___________ of land was ended
- private ownership
- Farmers were forced to live on ____________ __________ ___________
- government owned farms
- Those who resisted were ___________ or imprisoned-millions of others starved
- killed
- Used a series of purges
- Stalin
- Purpose-eliminate those who __________ with him and those he considered to be a ______ to him
- disagreed, threat
- Who were some of the people Stalin "purged"?
-
Most Bolshevik leaders who had worked with Lenin
Many army officers - by several major world countries virtually controlled parts of
- China
- What happened in the Revolution of 1911?
- The Chinese overthrew their emperor and the ruling dynasty (royal family)
- One of the leaders in the movement to overthrow the dynasty
- Sun Yat-Sen
- Became first president of the Republic of China
- Sun Yat-Sun
- Established a political party called the _____________
- Sun Yat-Sen (Kuomintang, Guomindang)
- Much of China was the control of Chinese ________
- warlords
- What is a Chinese warlord?
- Military leader with their own private army
- ____________ wanted to defeat these warlords so China could be _________
- Kuomintang, unified
- Leader of the non-communist part of China
- Chiang Kai-Shek
- Known as the National Chinese
- Non-communist part of China
- Leader of the communist part of Russia
- Mao Zedong
- A ____ war began between Chiang's and Mao's army
- civil
- Includes such nations as New Zealand, South Africa, Canada and Australia
- Commonwealth of Nations
- Name the nations in the Commonwealth of Nations
- New Zealand, South Africa, Canada, Australia
- The commonwealth of nations was also called the ____________ _______________
- British Commonwealth
- The Commonwealth of Nations is a _____________ group consisting of ______________, and most of the independent countries once under ______ control
- voluntary group consisting of Britain and most of the independen coutries once under British control
- Chief spokesman of a movement in ____ that wanted India to have __________ from Britain
- Mohandis Gandhi/India/independence
- "Mahatma" means
- "Great Soul"
- Used civil disobedience
- Mohandas Ghandi
- Define civil disobedience
- peaceful refusal to obey laws that are considered unjust
- civil disobedience is also called
- passive resistance
- Illegal, but peaceful protestin
- civil disobedience or passive resistance
- Followed mnay of Gandhi's ideas
- Martin Luther King Junior
- Largely because of Gandhi's leadership, Great Britain granted India more self government but not
- independence
- Assassinated
- Gandhi
- Most countries had high unemployment rates for much of this period
- WWI-WWII
- There was a _________ ___________ by the 1930's
- worldwide depression
- France had built a line of ___________ along its _______ with _______, ____________ and a small portion of ________
- fortifications along its borders with Germany, Luxembourg and a small portion of Belgium
- These french fortifications were called the
- Maginot Line
- Purpose of te Maginot Line
- to stop German attack
- stop the Germans in WWII
- Did not
- Organized a political party called the Fascist party
- Benito Mussolini
- Mussolini's followers were called the "_____ _____"
- Black Shirts
- Became Prime Minister of _____; also became the ______ of the nation
- Italy, dictator
- Mussolini used the title " __ _____" which means ______ _______
- il Duce which means great leader
- After WWI Germany's new government was a democratic one called the ________ _________
- Weimer Republic
- _________- had difficulty paying the large reparations it owed
- Germany
- German money, the ______, had become nearly worthless
- mark
- the WWI allies _________ ___ __________ _______ ________ _____ _______ Germany had to pay each year-this helped Germany's situation
- agreed to reduce the amount of money
- Corporal in the Germany army
- Adolf Hitler
- joined political party called the ____
- Nazis
- took part in a Nazi attempt to
- overthrow the German government, Adolf Hitler
- this attempt to overthrow the german government ______
- failed
- Hitler was then _______ _______ ____________
- thrown in jail for joining the attempt to overthrow the government
- in ___ he wrote a autobiography called "_____ _____" outlinin his ideas
- jail, Mein Kamf
- Hitler claimed the Germans were a "________ _______"
- master race
- later hitler was appointed _________--
- chancellor
- equivalent of Prime Minister
- chancellor
- Shortly after taking office, the Reichstag building ________
- burned
- Hitler blamed the fire on the ___________
- communists
- The fire was probably set by the __________
- communists
- Hitler asked for and received ________ ________ from the _________ to handle the situation
- emergency power from the Reichstag to handle the situation
- Soon Hitler became ______
- dictator
- He used the secret police _______ to eliminate anyone he disliked
- Gestapo
- He took the title "__ ______"
- der Fuhrer
- what did der fuhrer mean?
- the leader
- He called his government the _________ _________
- Third Reich
- both hitler and mussolini
-
established a totalitarian government
Hated Communism - German Nazis and Italian Fascists are
- reactionary
- communists are
- radical
- Gained power largely due to economic depression in their countries
- Mussolini and Hitler
- Virtually worshipped by the Japanese
- Emperor Hirohito
- Had little government power
- Hirohito
- When Japan experience economic problems, its ______ ___________ took control of the government
- military leaders
- Japan owned a railroad in ________
- Manchuria
- In 1931 an explosion occurred on the railroad and Japan used it for an excuse to invade
- Manchuria
- Explosion was set by the ________
- Japanese
- when the League of Nations condemned Japan for invading _________, Japan ___________ from the League
- Manchuria, withdrew
- _______ and ____'s armies temporarily stopped their civil war to fight Japan
- Chiang's and Mao's
- Civil war occurred there
- Spain
- The Spanish Fascists were led by General
- Francisco Franco
- The Spanish Fascists received help from ________ and _____________
- italy and germany
- The spanish republicans wanted a ________
- republic
- a republic is when
- people elect their own representatives
- Some _________ ________ were communists
- spanish representatives
- _________ ______ sent soldier toheo this side
- Soviet Union, the spanish republicans
- Volunteers came from ________, _________ andthe __ to help the Republicans
- Britain, France, U.S.
- Fascists ___
- won
- __________ became dictator
- Franco
- remained neutral in WWII
- Spain
- January 1905
- Bloody Sunday, started when the people peacefully asked for better worknig conditions and better pay
- January revolutoin of 1905 was in
- Russia
- March 1917
- provisional government was set up
- What happened march 1917?
- provisional (temporary_ governemnet was set up, the czar was forced to abdicate. Army joined cause of revolutoin
- November 1917
- Also called the Bolshevik REvolutoin
- Lenin became the new Russian leader in this revolutoin
- November 1917
- Revolution of 1911
- China
- consisted of the overthrowing of the royal family
- china, revolution of 1911