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World History Since 1550

Terms

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goose step
A style of military march. This term is used to suggest the unthinking loyalty of soldiers.
Dunkirk
Large retreat by the British army in WWII.
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
Became virtual dictator of Iran in 1979.
Glorious Revolution
1688 deposed King James II and gave the crown to King William III. Switch from Catholicism to Protestant.
Glasnost
Gorbachev instituted this policy to encourage freedom of expression and to remove corruption.
Battle of the Bulge
Last offensive by the Germans in WWII in 1944. General George Patton drove German forces back.
Kaiser
German word for emperor.
Leonid Brezhnev
Seized power from Nikita Khrushchev and became leader of the Soviet Communist party in 1964. Ordered forces in to Afghanistan and Czechoslovakia.
Indira Gandhi
Daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister. She was also prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977.
Luftwaffe
German airforce.
Falkland Islands
Islands near Argentina, but owned by Britain.
Chiang Kai-shek
President of China until it was overthrown in 1949 by Chinese Communist forces under Mao Zedong.
Dienbienphu
A place in Indochina, now Vietnam, where the French forces were defeated in 1954. Their defeat led to France's withdraw.
Hafez al-Assad
president of Syria from 1971 to 2000. Insisted Israel return the Golan Heights.
Neville Chamberlain
Tried to avoid war between Germany and Britain by negotiating the Munich Pact in 1938.
Hirohito
Reigned over the Japanese during WWII.
Enlightenment
Intellectual movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries marked by human reason, science, religious tolerance and governments free of tyranny.
Louis XVI
Last king of France before the French Revolution. Married to Marie Antoinette.
William Ewart Gladstone
Leader of the Liberal party, opposing Disraeli served as Prime Minister several times during the reign of Queen Victoria.
Edwardian Period
1910ish when Edward VII, the eldest son of Queen Victoria, was king.
Deng Xiaoping
Purged from leadership during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. He returned to power in the 1970s.
Adolf Eichmann
Responsible for the torture and murder of millions of Jews. He was convicted of crimes against humanity and hanged after he was found in Argentina.
Commonwealth
Government established in Britain and Ireland in 1649 after the execution of King Charles I. After Cromwell's death in 1658 this form of government quickly lost power.
George III
King of Britain during the American Revolutionary War.
Fidel Castro
In 1959 this leader overthrew the dictator of Cuba.
early modern era
Era from the middle of the sixteenth century to the French Revolution in 1789
Lenin
Founder of the Bolshevik party. Succeeded by Stalin. His real name was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov.
Battle of Britain
WWII battle between Luftwaffe and the British Royal Airforce (RAF).
Boer War
War between British and Dutch settlers in South Africa fought from 1899 to 1902.
David Lloyd George
Prime Minister of Britain at the end of WW I and afterward.
League of Nations
US refused to sign the treaty of Versaille, so US never joined this league.
Bourbons
Ruling family of France from late sixteenth century to the French Revolution. King Louis XIV and Louis XVI were of this house.
Spanish Armada
ships sent by King Philip II of Span to conquer England in 1588
French Revolution
1789, enough said.
Simón Bolívar
Revolutionary leader fough in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia (which is named after him).
Heinrich Himmler
organized Nazi elite forces (SS) and secret police (Gestapo).
Captain James Cook
He established the first European colony in Australia and was the first European to visit Hawaii.
Catherine the Great
An empress of Russia in the late eighteenth century. Extended Russian territory toward the Black Sea.
Georges Clemenceau
This French leaders wanted a strict treaty that would punish Germany after WWI.
David Ben-Gurion
First prime minister of Israel. Served until the early 1960s.
Bastille
This building was attacked on July 14, 1789.
Louis XIV
Sun king.
Elizabeth I
Queen of England in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. She was queen when Shakespeare rose to prominence. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She never married (called the Virgin queen). The state Virginia was named after her.
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
mid-1960's revolution led by Mao Zedong to restore the vitality of Communism.
Gestapo
secret police of the Third Reich.
Pope John Paul II
First Polish pope.
Joseph Goebbels
Propaganda minister of the Nazi government.
Boers
Also known as Afrikaners.
Dag Hammarskjöld
Swedish diplomat, helped negotiate differences during the Cold War.
Congress party
Party of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru.
Iron Curtain
Refers to the isolation of satellite states after WWII. Term coined by Churchill.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Ghandi's full name.
Huguenots
The Edict of Nantes allowed this religion to practice.
James Watt
Invented the steam engine.
Perestroika
Gorbachev instituted this policy to introduce some elements of capitalism.
Crimean War
A war fought in the middle of the nineteenth century between Russia on one side and Turkey, Britain, and France on the other. RUssia was defeated and the independence of Turkey was guaranteed
Osama bin Laden
Believed to be responsible for the destruction of embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
British Empire
This empire consisted of Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand and vast portions of Africa.
German Democratic Republic
This was East Germany's political party.
D-Day
June 6, 1944.
Great War
Alternate name for WWI.
Ernesto (Che) Guevara
Famous guerilla leader in Latin America who was killed in Bolivia in 1967.
Bolsheviks
Led by Lenin. Term for radical Leftist or communist of the Soviet Union.
Khmer Rouge
Led by Pol Pot, this party instituted one of the worst examples of genocide.
modern era
American and French revolutions mark the beginning of this era
Adolf Hitler
This SOB was born in Austria and was the definition of fascism.
Ho Chi Minh
led the communists of Vietnam. Drove Japanese out in the 40s, France in the 1950s and the USA in the 1960s. Saigon was renamed after him.
Yasir Arafat
shared the Nobel Prize for peace in 1994.
Maginot line
Designed to stop any future invasion by Germany, it was never completed.
Edmund Burke
Sympathized with the American Revolution, but opposed the French Revolution.
Oliver Cromwell
Lord Protector.
Salvador Allende
President of Chile in 1970. Died during an army coup supported by the CIA in 1973
Lusitania
This ship was sunk by the Germans and American passengers killed help move the US to entering WWI.
Yasir Arafat
head of PLO since 1968
Elizabeth II
Present queen of Britain.
Winston Churchill
Prime minister of England shortly after WWII began. Close alliance with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin.
House of Hanover
George III, Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth all belong to this house.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Last president of the Soviet Union (came to power in 1985).
Kemal Ataturk
Founded modern Turkey in 1920 after the collapse of the Ottomon empire.
Fifth Column
A term for people willing to cooperate with an aggressor against their own country.
Sir Francis Drake
First Englishman to sail around the world.
Jacobin
Led by Robespierre. This term refers to extremists or radical groups.
Otto von Bismarck
Urged small German states to unite as a single German Empire under a Kaiser. He was the first chancellor.
Benjamin Disraeli
Led the Conservative party of Britain in the 1860s and 1870s. He strongly supported the extension of British colonies and had Queen Victoria proclaimed empress of India.

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