WH2: Chapter 28 + 29: Vocab
Terms
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- Madero
- a liberal reformer who demanded free elections and was later elected prez
- Hirohito
- Emperor, resigned (1926-1989) japan experienced successes and tragedies
- Leon Trotsky
- assisted Lenin, committed Marxist revolutionary
- Leopold Senghor
- part of negritude movement, which rejected negative vies of Africa, wrote "Black Woman", later takes role in Senegals drive to independence and would serve as it's 1st president
- Religion
- atheism favored, Russian Orthodox Church was targeted as bad
- 1939
- german forces invade Poland WW2 begins
- 1945
- WWII ends
- Guomindang
- Nationalist party formed by Sun Yixian
- Kulak
- wealthy peasants
- Agriculture under Stalin
- brought under control, forced peasant to give up land and live on state-owned, on collectives planned to provide tractors
- Emiliano Zapata
- southern Mexico, led a peasant revolt, understood the misery of peasant villagers, followers call Zapatistas
- Cheka
- secret police force organized by the communists to start a reign of terror
- V.I Lenin
- leader of the Bolsheviks, born in 1870 to a middle-class family, his family was branded as a threat to the state, which instilled a hatred for the czarist government, studied Karl Marx and spread his teachings, married to Nadzhda Krupskaya,
- Pan
- Arabism- movement to set up free Arabs from foreign domination and reunite in own state
- 1930
- Salt march
- Collective
- large farm owned & operated by peasants as a group
- Soviet Union
- multinational state made up of European and Asian peoples, all the member republics shared certain rights
- Stalin's five-year plan.
- impressive progress in heavy industry, the standard of living remained low, and consumer goods were scarce and poor in quality, agricultural collectives proved to be a disaster
- apartheid
- racial separation and economic and political discrimination against non-whites a policy formerly practiced in the republic of South Africa (abolished in 1989)
- 1947
- Indian independence
- Bolshevik Takeover
- Nov, 1917- the red guards joined mutionous sailors from Russia fleets attacking provisional government, days later, Lenin overthrew gov., in petrograd gov meets at winter palace, the temp government failed, no struggle
- Soviet
- council of workers & soldiers set up by Russia in 1917
- nationalization
- government takeover of natural resources, allowed in the constitution of 1917
- Leon Trotsky
- committed Marxist revolutionary that assisted Lenin, turned the Red army into an effective fihting force, use d former czarist officers under watch of commissars
- Kollontai
- only high ranking woman to serve in Lenin's gov.
- Amritsar Massacre
- city in N. India, Commander General Reginald Dyer banned public meetings and arrived with 50 soldiers and no warning, in 10 minutes1,000 dead
- Red Army
- communists
- November 1917
- Red Army joined sailors from the Russian fleet in attacking the provisional government. Matter of days Lenin overthrew a government that lacked any support
- 1941
- Pearl Harbor -> Japan bombs the shores of Hawaii
- Satya-Graha
- nonviolence
- Whites
- counterrevolutionaries who were loyal to the czar.
- Polygamy
- custom that allows men to have more than one wife
- 1922
- Egypts indep.
- Negritude Movement
- french speaking writers in w. africa & carribeans expressed pride in African roots (Leopold Sengnor)
- March 1917
- 1st of 2 revolutions to topple Romanov dynasty
- Guamindang
- Sun Yixian's nationalist party
- 1947
- Indian Independence
- Peasants
- killed farm animals, destroyed tools, burn crops, grew enough to feed selves, famile (5.8 million died in ukraine)
- 1895
- Lenin & Nadezhda arrested
- 1911
- Diaz resigned
- Commissar
- communist party officials assigned to the army to teach party principles and ensure loyalty
- Comintern
- Was an international communist organization founded in March of 1919 by Lenin, this thing wanted to overthrow the international Bourgeoisie and create a socialist state.
- Reds
- The Bolsheviks, favored a Socialist state. The appealed to nationalism and favored expelling foreigners from Russia.
- Alexandra Kottontai
- (1905) noted how little attention was paid to the fate of women and women's liberation, became the higheds ranking woman to serve in Lenin's government, and campaigned for women's rights
- Dhoti
- simple white garment, boycott of Br. textiles urged them to wear this
- Civil Disobedience
- a refusal to obey unjust laws
- Ultranationalist
- extreme nationalists
- 1928
- 5 year plan
- Diego Rivera
- socialist Mexican painter of murals (1886-1957)
- Long March
- (1934) Jiang Jieshi vs. Mao Zedong, 100,000 followers fled Geomindang, 20,000 people survived, stood a symbol of comm. heroism to chinese who opposed Guamin
- Maxim Gorky
- Great russian writer, supported revolition and a friend of Lenin, opposed severity of war comm.
- Whites
- counterrevolutionaries who were loyal to the czar.
- Soviet
- councils of workers and soldiers, at first worked democratically within the government
- Command Economy
- system in which government officals make all basic economic decisions
- Nationalization
- takeover of property or resources by the gov.
- 1912
- AFC African National Congress
- Zapatistas
- followers of Emiliano Zapata
- Sun Yixian
- "father" of Chinese Revolution, new chinese republic took shape, set goal to catch up and surpass east and west powers. Qing Dynasty- collapse 1911, sun hoped to rebuild China on the three principles of the People, little progress happened
- 1919
- After WWI, the Paris Peace conference convenes, W.E.B. DeBois organized the 1st Pan-African Congress
- 1934
- Great Purge, Long March
- Ahimsa
- nonviolence and reverence for life
- St.Petersburg
- Petrograd
- Pravada
- "Truth" communist party newspaper, it linked enemies at home to foreign agents seeking to restore power to the landowners and capitalists, this revived extreme nationalism
- Proletariat
- working class
- Hirohito
- emperor of china (1926)
- Atheism
- The officially state policy that there is no god.
- Revolution of 1905
- Nicholas II failed to fix the politcal, economic and social problems in Russia
- cultural nationalism
- pride in one's own culture
- USSR
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
- 1920's
- Mexico recovers from revolution and civil war
- Women's War
- full fledged revolt. women armed with machetes and sticks mocked British troops and shouted at them
- Francisco Pancho Villa
- hard-riding rebel from the north- fought for personal power but won the loyalty of his followers
- Atheism
- no god
- Nadezhda Krupskaya
- daughter of a poor noble family arrested with Lenin in 1895 and sent to Siveria, married to Lenin, after release they went to Swit. they worked to spread revolutionary ideas, returns with some followers, worked on revolution
- Manzhouguo
- puppet state set up by Japan after they conquered Manchuria
- Carranza
- Prez of Mexico in 1917
- Totalitarian State
- gov. 1 party dictatorship regulates all aspects of a citizen's life
- Zionist Movement
- rebuild jewish state in palestine, migrate there soon and join small jewish communities
- Cheka
- Lenin's secret police
- 1928
- Stalin proposes a 5-year plan for Soviet economic growth
- Whites
- counterrevolutionaries
- 1921
- Lenin adopts the NEP and comm. takes a win (still in chaos)
- Great Purge
- the killing of all the many people who were a part of the Old Bolsheviks
- Pravda
- communist party newspaper
- Zapatistas
- followers of Emiliano Zapata who led a peasant revolt
- Marxism Predictions
- industrial working class would rise spontaneously to overthrow capitalism
- Civil Disobedience
- the refusal the obey unjust laws
- Gregory Rasputin
- peasant and self-proclaimed "holy man", healer, came to have power over czarina. 1916 had immense amount of power over Alexandria. he appointed officials. assassinated on December 29, 1916
- 1934
- Stalin launches the Great Purge, chineses communism make an epic retreat aka the Long March
- PRI
- gov. leaders organize Institutional Revolutionary Party, dominated Mexican politics ever since, accommodates all groups, backs reforms
- Kremlin
- former czarist center of government
- Ultra-nationalist
- extreme nationalists
- 1929
- PRI organized
- Mohandas Gandhi
- former lawyer who addapted the weapon of nonviolent resistance, he called it staya-graha
- 1922
- British gives Egypt independence
- Bolsheviks
- communist party under Lenin
- Socialist Realism
- goal was to boost socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light
- March 1917
- Lenin returns from exile
- 1931
- Japan adds Manchuria to their empire (Manzhouguo)
- Venustiano Carranza
- conservative, became president of Mexico in 1917, also approved a new constitution
- war communism
- policy adopted by the communist
- Good Neighbor Policy
- Policy of Roosevelt's which led to the recall of US troops from Nicaragua and Haiti; supposed change in US interventionist policy in Latin America, which really represented no change in interests/involvement.
- 1914
- U.S attacks Vera Cruz (punish Mex. For imprisoning American soldiers)
- NEP
- New Economic Policy, (1921) allowed capitalist ventures, state kept control of banks, foreign trade, and large industries, small businesses were allowed to reopen for private profit stopped harassing peasants for grain, and peasants held on to small plots of land and sold surplus
- Stalin's Propaganda
- revived extreme nationalism, and radios blared into factories and billages, and in movies they heard about communist successes and the evils of capitalism
- Diet
- Japanese Parliament
- Provisional Government
- temporary government set up by the Duma politicians
- Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov
- adapted the name Lenin when he became a revolutionary,
- Apartheid
- policy of strict racial separation in South Africa
- Theodor Herzl
- responded to growing anthiseminism by founding zionist movement
- 1953
- Stalin's death
- Command Economy
- government officials made all basic economic decisions, developed by the S.U
- 1925
- Reza Khan overthrows the Shah and begins the Pahlavi dynasty
- 1937
- "Rape of Nanjing"
- Manchuria
- Manzhouguo
- Nicholas & Alexandra
- czar, After Revolution of 1905 he failed to solve Russia's basic political, economic and social problems, this sparked eruptions. March 1917 the first of two revolutions toppled the Romanov dynasty and started more radical changes.
- Totalitarian State
- gov. in which a one-party dictatorship controls every aspect of citizens lives
- 1917
- Venustiano Carranza is elected & Constitution, two revolutions lead to the creation of a comm. gove in Rusia
- Rape of Nanjing
- Dec. 13th 1937- Japan kills 100,000 people
- Negretude
- Movement to express African pride
- African National Congress
- political party (1912) worked through legal means protesting laws that restricted the freedom of black Africans, it had no effect on sa's white government
- Collectivizations
- Large farm owned & opperated by peasants as a group.
- Mao Zedong
- communist who escaped Jiang's attack, unlike others, believed communism should support large peasant masses, redistribute land to peasants, offered schooling + heath care
- Pan-Africanism
- emphasized the unity of Africans and people of African descent around the world
- 1929
- the PRI (institutional revolutionary party) is organized
- Zionist
- jewish nationalist
- Totalitarian State
- Came from Soviet Union, a one-party dictatorship regulates every aspect of its citizens lives. and placed a censorship on books, art and music.
- Mao Zedong
- communist who escaped Jieshi's attack and led the Long March
- Mikhail Sholokhov
- "And Quiet Flows the Don" was allowed to be published despite restrictions. Won Nobel Prize for literature
- Ahisma
- Hindu belief in nonviolence & reverence for all
- Collective
- large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group
- Reza Khan
- An ambitious army officer -> overthrew the shah, sets up own PAHLAVI DYNASTY. rused to modernize (builds factories roads and railroads and strengthens the army, adopts western alphabet, clothes, schools)
- polygamy
- the fact or condition of having more than one wife or husband at once.
- Muslim Brotherhood
- (1930's) fosters broad Islamic nationalism rejecting western cultures and denounced corruption in Egypt Gov.
- 1912
- educated Africans organize a political party known as the ANC
- USSR
- Soviet Union, much of the old Russian empire in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
- 1921
- Lenin adoped NEP
- 1920's
- Stalin, "women's war"
- 1916
- death of Rasputin
- Jiang Jieshi
- (nationalist) Succeeded Sun (1925) energetic army officer, received military training in Japan and wanted to smash warlords and reunite China. 1926- march into north china, crushed warlords and advanced, capital Beijing, mid campaign-> strikes communism (threat to his power) 1927- Guomindang slaughters comm. members, thousands killed in Shanghai
- 1929
- stock market crash in NYC triggers global depression of the 1930's
- Great Purge
- (1934), stalin cracked down on Old Bolsheviks, his net soon widened to target army heroes, industrial managers, writers and citizens, they were charged with a wide range of crimes, from plots to failure to not meeting production quotas
- Economic Nationalism
- emphasis on domestic control of the economy
- Constitution of 1917
- addressed the three major issues of land, religion and labor
- 1919
- May 4th, Pan-African
- 1918
- Treaty of Breast, civil war in Russia
- Ataturk
- Mustafa Kema, rules w/ iron hand
- Zaibatsu
- influential families
- Osip Mandelstam
- jewish poet, imprisoned, tortured and exiled for composing a verse that was critical of Stalin
- Pan-Arabism
- arab nationalism, built on shared heritage of Arabs living in the Arbaian Peninsula to North Africa, mphasized common history and lang. sought to free Arabs from foreign dom.
- 1939
- WWII begins
- 1924
- Lenin's death sets off power struggle, Sun Yixian dies, and Jiang Jieshi takes over
- 1930's
- "good neighbor policy", Ghandi, Salt movement, muslim league
- Commissar
- communist party offiials assigned to the army to teach party principles and unsure party loyalty
- 1923
- Ataturk modernizes Turkey
- Constitution of 1922
- both democratic and socialist, set up an elected legislature (Supreme Soviet) gave all citizens over 18 the right to vote
- Kulak
- wealthy peasants
- 1941
- Pearl Harbor
- Cultural Nationalism
- pride in one's own culture
- 1897
- Zionist Movement- Theodor Herzl
- Trotsky
- Marxist thinker, skillful speaker, architect of the Bolshevik Rev. murdered
- 1915
- Twenty-one demands
- Diet
- assembly or legislature of Japan
- Bolsheviks
- elite revolutionary party, small %,
- Peace, Land, and Bread
- Promise of Lenin & Bolsheviks
- Muhammad Ali-Jinnah
- Muslim league leader, middle-class, studied law, 1st represented muslim intrest within the congress, later supported separate Muslim states
- May Fourth Movement
- may 4th 1919, student protests in beijing, boycotting japanese goods, a cultural and intellectual ferment to strengthen china. (key role- joined marches, campaighned to end arranged marriages and foot binding)
- Reds
- The Bolsheviks, favored a Socialist state. The appealed to nationalism and favored expelling foreigners from Russia.
- Anna Akhmatova
- One of Russia's greatest poets, who could not publish her works because it violated state guidelines
- 1926
- Britain breaks off relations with the Soviet Union
- Francisco Madero
- early leader in the Mexican Revolution; in 1911 became president of Mexico; wanted land ownership and free, honest elections, two years later he was murdered, led to power struggles
- Comintern
- communist international which aided rev. groups and urged colonial people to rise up
- Socialist Realism
- artistic style whose goal was to promote socialism by showing soviet life in a positive light
- W.E.B DuBois
- african american scholar and activist, organized 1st Pan-African congress, met in Paris
- March 1917
- disaster on the battlefiled combined with food and fuel shortages on the home front brought the monarchy to collapse
- Proletariat
- growing class of factory and railroad workers, miners and urban wage earners
- Impact of WWI
- (1914) fired national pride and united russia, armies fought with enthusiasm, quick strain on resources, factpries didn't have enough supplies, transportation broke down, by (1915) low supplies of gun/ammo