History II Midterm Exam
Terms
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- muckraking magazine
- McClure's
- progressivism
- the political movemnt that fought against injustices in society
- journalists who investigated problems in society
- muckrakers
- the freedom to negotiate the terms of employment
- freedom of contract
- a workplace where employees must belong to a union
- closed shop
- socialism
- economic system powered by the workers with the goal of evening out wealth
- nonunion workplace
- open shop
- reformer who worked mainly for child labor
- Florence Kelley
- case that challenged a 10 hour workday law; the law was upheld
- Muller vs. Oregon
- argued the case of Muller vs. Oregon showing the harm that long hours can do to women
- louis brandeis
- leader of the AFL
- samuel gompers
- a union that tried to organize unskilled workers who were working in sewing shops
- international ladies' garment workers union
- socialist union made of unskilled workers
- industrial workers of the world
- leader of the IWW
- big bill haywood
- ban on the manufacture, sale, posession and consumption of alcohol
- prohibition
- settlement house worker
- lawrence veiller
- designed chicago
- daniel burnham
- a group against alcohol; for prohibition
- women's christian temperance union
- former ballplayer who spread the idea of prohibition
- billy sunday
- worked for WCTU
- frances willard
- barred the sale and manufacture of alcohol
- 18th Amendment
- one of the most influential a.a. leaders
- WEB duBois
- organization dedicated to ending racial discrimination
- NAACP
- helped black people get acquainted to life in the north
- National Urban League
- group dedicated to advancing american indians
- Society of american indians
- a process of preparing foreign born residents for full US citizenship
- americanization
- a nominating election in which voters choose candidates who later run in a general election
- direct primary
- gives voters the right to introduce legislation
- initiative
- citizens can force legislation to put recently passed laws on the ballot and alow voters to approve or veto the measure
- referendum
- allows voters to remove someone from an office
- recall
- gives voters the right to elect their senators directly
- seventeenth amendment
- created by La Follette; called for direct primary, increase taxes on railroads and public utilities, labor reform, etc.
- Wisconsin Idea
- the process by which two opposing sides allow a third party to settle a dispute
- arbitration
- running mate of McKinley; saw the presidency differently than prior presidents
- theodore roosevelt
- effort to balance the interests of business, consumers and labor
- square deal
- forbade shipping companies from accepting rebates
- elkins act
- authorized the ICC to set railroad rates
- hepburn act
- required federal inspection of meat before in was shipped across state lines
- meat inspection act
- forbade the sale of food and patent medicine that has harmful ingredients
- pure food and drug act
- the process of making damaged land productive again
- reclamation
- strong conservationist and friend of Teddy Roosevelt's
- gifford pinchot
- created to help protect and supervise national parks and monuments
- national park service
- republican candidate for president- originally supported by roosevelt
- william howard taft
- extended ICC powers to telephone and telegraph companies
- mann-elkins act
- allowed congress to levy taxes based on income
- 16th amendment
- controversial high tariff during taft's presidency
- payne-aldrich tariff
- approved the sale of a large tract of land
- richard ballinger
- pinchot was fired by taft for criticizing ballinger's sale of the large plot of land
- ballinger-pinchot affair
- "main man" of the House of Representatives
- joseph cannon
- wanted to break the power of Cannon
- george norris
- reform party that teddy roosevelt used to run for president; bull moose party
- progressive party
- democratic president who wanted to help small businesses
- woodrow wilson
- wilson's progressive reform program
- new freedom
- socialist who ran for president many times
- eugene debs
- created a 3 tiered banking system
- federal reserve act
- clarified and extended Sherman Anti-Trust Act
- clayton anti-trust act
- investigated corporations that were thought to be breaking laws
- federal trade commission
- reduced the workday for railroad workers
- adamson act
- outlawed the interstate sale of goods made by child labor; unconstitutional
- Keating-Owens Act
- leading group in the women's suffrage movement
- National American Woman Suffrage Assosciation
- granted women full voting rights
- 19th Amendment
- the quest for colonial empires
- imperialism
- government bonus payment
- subsidy
- regions where a particular country has exclusive rights over mines, railroads, trade
- spheres of influence
- senator who thought that imperialism was good
- henry cabot lodge
- naval commander who liked imperialism
- alfred thayer mahan
- king of hawaii
- kalakaua
- queen of hawaii
- liliuokalani
- called for an open door policy in china
- john hay
- all nations have equal access to trade and investments in china
- Open door policy
- uprising of chinese nationals
- boxer rebellion
- u.s. representative to japan
- matthew perry
- cuban rebel and poet
- jose marti
- spanish general sent to crush the cuban revolt
- valeriano weyler
- journalism who used yellow journalism to get the U.S. involved in cuba
- william randolph hearst
- president during spanish american war
- william mckinley
- ship explosion that caused the us to go to war with spain
- uss maine
- stated that once cuba gained its independence, america would leave it alone
- teller amendment
- american general sent to the philipines
- dewey
- filipino rebel who led his army to help the United States take over the philipines
- aguinaldo
- group that teddy roosevelt put together to fight in this war
- rough riders
- established a governor and two house legislature in the philipines- filipinos could elect lower house
- phillipine government act
- allowed the filipinos to elect both houses of their government
- jones act of 1916
- when one country promises to protect another country but reserves the right to intervene
- protectorate
- taft's policy of influencing latin american affairs through economic influence
- dollar diplomacy
- limited cuba's freedom to make treaties with other countries
- platt amendment
- puerto rico's governor and upper house would be appointed by the United States
- foraker act
- former chief engineer for the French canal building project who helped the us build the panama canal
- philipe bunau-varialla
- gave the us complete soverignty over a 10 mile wide canal zone
- hay-bunau varilla treaty
- us would police affairs in the western hemisphere to keep europeans from intervening in the region
- roosevelt corollary
- mexican president for many years, used fraud to win many election
- porfirio diaz
- elected the president of mexico after diaz resigned
- madera
- restored calm in mexican government after diaz's family revolted against madera; not recognized by us government
- huerta
- led a rebel army during the mexican revolution that demanded land for the indian peasant population
- emiliano zapata
- glorification of military strength
- militarism
- mexican who entered the us and attacked a village in new mexico
- pancho villa
- general sent into mexico to look for pancho villa
- pershing
- area between trenches that was filled with land mines
- no-mans land
- new type of fighting that resulted from the battle of the marne in wwI
- trench warfare
- heir to the austro-hungarian throne; assasinated in sarajevo
- franz ferdinand
- assasinated ferdinand and his family
- gavrilo princip
- during WWI- britain, france, russia
- allied powers
- during WWI-germany, austria-hungary, ottoman empire, bulgaria
- central powers
- proved that there would be no quick victory to WWI
- first battle of the marne
- way of getting american soldiers to the battleground during wwI
- convoy system
- german promise to not sink liners without warning
- sussex pledge
- increased the number of soliders in the army and gave money to the military services
- national defense act
- note sent from germany to mexico; intercepted and said that germany would help mexico regain all territory that they had lost to the US
- zimmerman note
- congressomwan who opposed the war
- jeannette rankin
- required that men between 18 and 45 register for the draft
- selective service act
- led the american expeditionary force
- john j pershing
- regulated production of food during WWi
- food administration
- in charge of food administration
- hoover
- government's central war agency
- war industries board
- ensured that workers were on board with the war(no strikes)
- national war labor board
- the moving of many african americans northward for economic and social reasons
- great migration
- propoganda campaign that encouraged support of the war
- committee on public information
- outlawed acts of treason during wwI
- espionage act
- made written criticism of the government a crime during wwI
- sedition act
- group of radical russians that removed russia from WwI
- bolsheviks
- wilson's program for world peace after WWI
- fourteen points
- international body designed to prevent offensive wars
- league of nations
- the group at the WWI peace conference- Wilson, George, Orlando, Clemencaus
- big four
- the peace treaty of WWI
- treaty of versailles
- senator who led the disapproval of the League of Nations
- henry cabot lodge
- the transition from wartime to peacetime spending
- demobilization
- the first major strike after WWI
- seattle general strike
- police officers struck for better wages; were not allowed to return to work
- Boston Police Strike
- strike that weakened public support of labor unions
- United Mine Workers Strike
- organized the UMW strike; proved to be a successful labor leader
- John Lewis
- anticommunist hysteria in the US
- Red Scare
- attorney general arrested thousands of suspected radicals
- Palmer Raids
- convicted of murdering two people; accused mainly becuase they are immigrants
- Sacco and Vanzetti
- the combining of two or more companies
- mergers
- women's rights activists
- feminists
- republican pro-business president
- warren harding
- pushed tariffs to an all time high(during Harding's term)
- fordney-mccumber tariff
- supported union free open shops
- american plan
- proposed constitutional amendment that would give men and women the same rights
- equal rights amendment
- the main scandal of harding's presidency
- teapot dome scandal
- became president after harding's death
- coolidge
- re-established the KKK
- William Joseph SImmons
- black socialist who created a union for african americans
- A. Phillip Randolph
- union intended to improve working conditions for black workers at the Pullman company
- brotherhood of sleeping car porters
- movement that aimed to unite people of african descent worldwide
- Pan-Africanism
- native of jamaica who supported black nationalism
- garvey
- aimed to create a new political state for african americans in Africa
- black nationalism
- reduced the quota of allowed immigrants in america to 2%
- immigration act of 1924
- designed to legalize non-indian claims to pueblo lands
- Bursum Bill
- based on the idea that every kind of work could be broken down into a series of smaller tasks
- scientific management
- new production method, used mainly in the making of cars
- assembly line
- the use of cars for camping and sightseeing
- auto-touring
- allowed consumers to pay for items over time
- installment plan
- the idea of making things with the idea that they will eventually go out of style
- planned obsolescence
- invented the automobile in the US
- Henry Ford
- first car in the US
- Model T
- head of GM
- Alfred P. Sloan
- young women who adopted new styles of the 1920's
- flappers
- enforced prohibition
- volstead act
- famous bootlegger
- al capone
- leader of the group who was sent to capture bootleggers
- eliot ness
- group of detectives sent to capture bootleggers
- untouchables
- repealed prohibition
- 21st amendment
- famous baseball player
- babe ruth
- athlete who went to the olympics
- jim thorpe
- first pilot to fly nonstop from ny to paris
- lindbergh
- first woman to fly across the atlantic
- earhart
- famous revivalist
- aimee semple mcpherson
- protestant movement that teaches traditional christian doctrine and says that the bible should be accepted as whole truth
- fundamentalism
- lawyer who protected scopes during his trial
- darrow
- trial between john scopes, a high school science teacher who taught the theory of darwinism
- scopes trial
- music that originated in new orleans
- jazz
- blues singer
- bessie smith
- jazz musician
- louis armstrong
- african american poet during the 1920's
- langston hughes
- flourish of african american artistic development
- harlem renaissance
- author of A Farewell to Arms
- ernest hemingway
- american writers who wrote about the death and destruction of WWI
- lost generation
- mexican muralist
- diego rivera
- stock market with an upward trend
- bull market
- downward trend
- bear market
- buying stocks with borrowed money
- margin buying
- total value of all goods and services produced in one year
- gross national product
- the ups and downs of business in a free enterprise economy
- business cycle
- President during the Great Depression
- hoover
- October 24, 1929
- black thursday
- october 29,1929(the stock market crash)
- black tuesday
- deep economic downturn in the US
- Great Depression
- highest tariff in U.S. history, after the Depression hit
- Smoot-Hawley Tariff
- mexican american aid societies during depression
- mutualistas
- places where poor men and women could get a little bit of food during depression
- breadlines
- collections of makeshift shelters during G.D.
- shantytowns
- success comes through individual effort and private enterprise
- rugged individualism
- authorized to lend up to $2 billion to stablize banks, insurance companies, etc. after the depression
- reconstruction finance corporation
- groups of veterans who protested in demand of early pension payment
- bonus army
- elected president in 1932
- franklin d. roosevelt
- every bank in the country closed for the day
- bank holiday
- fdr's plan to restabilize the economy after stock market crash
- new deal
- insured every bank deposit up to 5,000
- federal deposit insurance corporation
- secretary of labor
- frances perkins
- head of FERA
- harry hopkins
- gave young men jobs working with the environment
- civilian conservation corps
- regulated companies that sold stocks and bonds
- securities and exchange commission
- british economist
- john maynard keynes
- designed to encourage economic growth by suspending antitrust laws and eliminating unfair competition between employers
- national industrial recovery act
- paid farmers to reduce their crop output
- agricultural adjustment administration
- built dams and power stations to control the tennessee river valley area
- tennessee valley authority
- advised department of interior on ravial matters
- robert weaver
- world famous aa singer who was not allowed to sing at a daughters of the american revolution event
- marian anderson
- observed poor living conditions of indians
- collier
- styaing in the place where you work until your demands are met
- sit down strike
- wanted government to give 200 dollars a month to people over 60
- townsend
- radio priest who wanted to go back t osilver
- coughlin
- created share our wealth
- long
- take from the rich and give to the poor
- share our wealth
- designed to help americans find work
- works progress admin.
- tried to help people between ages of 16 and 25 by education them
- national youth administration
- provides retirement pensions, unemployment insurance, etc.
- social security act
- guaranteed labor's rights to organize unions and bargain collectively for better wages and conditions
- wagner-connery act
- tried to unite workers in various industries
- congress of industrial organizations
- severe drought in the Great Plains
- Dust Bowl
- best known FSA photographer
- Dorothea Lange