AP Mod Vocab 2 2
Terms
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- The upper house, or Federal Council, of the German Diet (the legislature)
- Bundesrat
- Member of the British Parliament and author of "Reflections on the Revolution in France" (1790), which criticized the underlying principles of the French Revolution and argued conservative thought
- Edmund Burke
- Politically active students around 1815 in the German states proposing unification and democratic principles.
- Burschenschaften
- List of grievances that each Estate drew up in preparation for the summoning of the Estates General in 1789.
- Cahier de doléances
- A French theologian who established a theocracy in Geneva and is best known for his theory of predestination
- John Calvin
- French existentialist who stated that in spite of the general absurdity of human life, individuals could make rational sense out of their own existence through meaningful personal decision making
- Albert Camus
- Italian secret societies calling for a unified Italy and republicanism after 1815.
- Carbonari
- Repressive laws in the German states limiting freedom of speech and dissemination of liberal ideas in the universities
- Carlsbad Decrees
- Law that released suffragettes on hunger strikes from jail and then rearrested and jailed them again
- Cat and Mouse Act
- The wife of Henry II (1547-1559) of France, who exercised political influence after the death of her husband and during the rule of her weak sons.
- Catherine de Médicis
- An "enlightened despot" of Russia whose policies of reform were aborted under pressure of rebellion by serfs
- Catherine the Great
- Act enabling Catholics to hold public office for the first time in England
- Catholic Emancipation Bill
- Italian statesman from Sardinia who used diplomacy to help achieve unification of Italy
- Count Cavour
- A goldsmith and sculptor who wrote an autobiography, famous for its arrogance and immodest self-praise
- Benvenuto Cellini
- Stuart king during the Restoration, following Cromwell's Interregnum
- Charles II
- Hapsburg dynastic ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and of extensive territories in Spain and the Netherlands
- Charles V
- The secret police under Lenin and his Communist Party
- Cheka
- A Holy Synod that replaced the office of patriarch. All of its members (lay and religious) had to swear allegiance to the czar
- Church Statute of 1721
- A middle-class (bourgeois) doctrine indebted to the writings of the philosophes, the French Revolution, and the popularization of the Scientific Revolution. Its goals were self-government, a written constitution, natural rights, limited suffrage, and a l
- Classical liberalism
- The codification and condensation of laws assuring legal equality and uniformity in France
- Code Napoléon
- The financial minister under the French king Louis XIV who promoted mercantilist policies
- Colbert
- An intense conflict between the superpowers using all means short of military might to achieve their respective ends
- Cold War
- First European to sail to the West Indies, 1492
- Christopher Columbus
- The leaders under Robespierre who organized the defenses of France, conducted foreign policy, and centralized authority during the period 1792-1795
- Committee of Public Safety
- Another name for the European Economic Community, which created a free-trade area among the Western European countries
- Common Market
- Napoleon's arrangement with Pope Pius VII to heal religious division in France with a united Catholic church under bishops appointed by the gov't
- Concordat
- Treaty under which the French Crown recognized the supremacy of the pope over a council and obtained the right for the gov't to nominate all French bishops and abbots
- Concordat of Bologna
- Author of "Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind"
- Condorcet
- A mercenary soldier of a political ruler
- Condottiere
- Formerly the Tory Party, headed by Disraeli in the nineteenth century
- Conservative Party
- Also known as the cadets, the party of the liberal bourgeoisie in Russia
- Constitutional Democrats
- The theory that power should be shared between rulers and their subjects, and the state governed according to laws
- Constitutionalism
- Napoleon's efforts to block foreign trade with England by forbidding importation of British goods into Europe
- Continental System
- Polish astronomer who posited a heliocentric universe in place of a geocentric universe
- Nicolaus Copernicus
- Legislation enacted in 1815 that imposed a tariff on imported grain and was a symbolic protection of aristocratic landholdings. They were repealed in 1846
- Corn Laws
- Conqueror of the Aztecs
- Hernando Cortez
- Road work; obligation of French peasants to landowners
- Corvées
- An economic alliance, founded in 1949, to coordinate the economic affairs of the Soviet Union and its satellite countries
- Council for Mutual Economic Aid
- The new gov't set up by Lenin following the Red Guard seizure of gov't buildings in November 1917
- Council of People's Commissars
- The congress of learned Roman Catholic authorities that met intermittently from 1545-1563 to reform abusive church practices and reconcile with the Protestants
- Council of Trent
- Overthrow of those in power
- Coup d'état
- Conflict b/w Russia and Turkey ostensibly waged by Russia to protect Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire; in actuality, to gain a foothold in the Black Sea. Turks, Britain, and France forced Russia to sue for peace. The Treaty of Paris (1856) forfe
- Crimean War
- The principal leader and a gentry member of the Puritans in Parliament
- Oliver Cromwell
- The November 1938 destruction, by Hitler's Brown Shirts and mob, of Jewish shops, homes and synagogues
- Crystal Night
- British scientist whose "Origin of Species" (1859) propsed the theory of evolution based on his biological research
- Charles Darwin
- The provision of U.S. loans to Germany to help meet reparation payments, which were also reduced
- Dawes Plan
- Russian revolutionaries calling for constitutional reform in the early 19th century
- Decembrists
- The 1825 plot by liberals (upper-class intelligentsia) to set up a constitutional monarchy or republic. The plot failed, but the ideal remained.
- Decembrist revolt
- Document that embodied the liberal revolutionary ideals and general principles of the philosophes' writings.
- Declarations of the Rights of Man and Citizen
- The collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence
- Decolonization
- The hurling, by Protestants, of Catholic officials from a castle window in Prague, setting off the Thirty Years' War
- Defenestration of Prague
- The belief that God has created the universe and set it in motion to operate like clockwork. God is literally in the wings watching the show go on as humans forge their own destiny
- Deism
- Deductive thinker whose famous saying "cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am") challenged the notion of truth as being derived from tradition and Scriptures
- René Descartes